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Lesson
To maximize impacts, community engagement components along with sufficient budget and post-project continuity plans need to be embedded in the design of projects that entail behavioral change. This project's community engagement component was designed and implemented as a broad-based outreach program to encourage behavioral change in personal waste disposal and hygiene, especially handwashing with soap, across all communities in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Collection of both quantitative and qualitative data on gender impacts need to be incorporated in the design of future community engagement initiatives. Such data should provide indications on how and to what degree the initiative reduces women's time poverty, improves their well-being, and boosts their ability to engage in productive activities.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The imposition of sewerage tariffs needs to be carefully thought out and based on a thorough study, as these could discourage low-income households from connecting to new sanitation services. Sewerage tariffs were proposed based on the “user pays” principle as one of two means to increase resources for the operation and maintenance of project facilities. However, sanitation services are overall viewed as a public good not suited to the "user pays" principle. Moreover, given the dire pre- project sanitation situation in South Tarawa, the principle may not work.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-planned integrated urban development investments—possibly including a South Tarawa-wide sewage collection and disposal system along with subsidized toilet and flushing facilities for low-income households— are necessary to substantially address the sanitation issue in South Tarawa. It was recognized from the outset that the project could only be the start of a comprehensive solution to the serious sanitation problem in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate staffing levels and frequent staff turnovers make training efforts less effective and sustainable. Under their existing structures, all the key project agencies faced challenges due to the perennial shortage of key personnel, made worse by high staff turnover. Therefore, it has been essential for ADB to continually review staff skills and capabilities and corporate structures, and implement measures to fill capacity gaps.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government needs to do more to provide leaderahip and guidance to infrastructure projects in Kiribati. The Project Steering Commitee, renamed in 2016 as the National Infrastructure Development Steering Committee, was set up to guide several other infrastructure projects aside from this one. Therefore, it can provide only limited support to the ADB project. Achieving the intended impacts of a major project such as ADB's requires regular and proactive direction from senior government representatives through all phases of the project.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term partnerships between government and key development partners are essential for supporting macroeconomic management Pacific small island economies. Partnerships provide a framework for on-going policy dialogue and coordination of support, which facilitates the government’s role in macroeconomic management and provides a foundation to support sustainable development (program-level lesson)

Project Number: 52073-001
Project Name: Improving Public Investment Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Helping island economies strengthen management systems (such as the FMIS), developing realistic infrastructure strategies, incorporating sound governance concepts in legislation, and supporting regulations can assist Pacific DMCs, if these policy actions are accompanied by a TA to overcome human resource limitations and achieve sound economic management outcomes

Project Number: 52073-001
Project Name: Improving Public Investment Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Further reforms, building on this program’s achievements, are needed to secure a sustainable improvement in public infrastructure and service delivery and ultimately living standards in Nauru.

Project Number: 52073-001
Project Name: Improving Public Investment Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Shared TA among development partners and sustained policy dialogue with the government facilitate improvements to public expenditure management.

Project Number: 52073-001
Project Name: Improving Public Investment Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reform programs grounded in government policy and sound technical assessments remain viable despite changes in government and socioeconomic difficulties.

Project Number: 52073-001
Project Name: Improving Public Investment Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Agreed. The soliciting of stakeholder buy-in and support is an important aspect of project design, implementation, and delivery. A proper understanding of the demands being made on local players to provide information and any cultural issues with information sharing can help to develop buy-in to facilitate smooth project facilitation. At times, incentives may be required to assist local players to overcome barriers to cooperation.

Project Number: 46502-001
Project Name: Trade and Transport Facilitation in the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Agreed. A large turn-out from all the Pacific DMCs at the workshop, including finance ministries, maritime and aviation authorities fostered interest in the project and facilitated knowledge sharing and contributed to project outcomes. A high turnout at workshops with multi-sector representatives from many DMCs helps to foster knowledge sharing and develop awareness, adoption and uptake of TA project initiatives building institutional capacity and driving and guiding national or sector guidelines.

Project Number: 46502-001
Project Name: Trade and Transport Facilitation in the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The TA project was cofinanced by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction and ADB through theThe TCR did not comment on the mechanism used to update cofinancing partners on progress toward key milestones and developments of the TA project. It is important to keep stakeholders engaged and informed during the project implementation. This is especially true when a project has a long implementation timeframe.

Project Number: 46502-001
Project Name: Trade and Transport Facilitation in the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Properly designed TA DMFs enables the outcomes and outputs to be clearly attributed to the TA project initiatives. Generalized achievements, or achievements that could have resulted from initiatives or projects being implemented by other organizations concurrently, should be avoided. It is important to define baselines for indicators and factor in expected growth/development when defining indicator targets.

Project Number: 46502-001
Project Name: Trade and Transport Facilitation in the Pacific
Report Date: