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Lesson
Thorough preparation of reliable and accurate cost estimates for each subproject is critical to help project implementation. Possible cost changes during implementation need to be kept within the acceptable threshold level and cost contingencies. Substantial cost overrun may lead to cancellation of critical project components.

Project Number: 42414-013, 42414-045
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 5 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular and consistent monitoring during the preparation of initial environmental examination documents, environmental impact assessments, environmental management plans, remedial action plan, and gender action plan is critical, and should include an audit report during submission to ensure not only compliance with guidelines but also adequacy of consultations with minutes of proceedings. This avoids any critical issues from surfacing that would affect project design and implementation timeline.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
The development of a firm sector investment plan supports successful project implementation. The sector plan, covering the short-, medium- and long-term horizons, helps avoid overlaps of projects that may result in scope changes which could adversely affect the project implementation timeline, funding and cost, and loan utilization. Such an investment plan commits the government to a definite set of projects in the sector that allows for a stable implementation of social and environmental safeguards.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient and careful risk assessment during the project’s appraisal phase is critical to mitigating any implementation risk since any potential change could hamper the project’s envisaged outcome.

Project Number: 42414-023
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Clearly defined project implementation plans for multitranche financing facility (MFF) tranches along with a well-formulated design and monitoring framework (DMF) enhance the quality of the project’s implementation plans and support the achievement of the intended results. Specifically, developing clear and logical performance indicators, baseline targets, and timelines can benefit the project’s performance and accountability which facilitates better assessment of the project’s achievements.

Project Number: 42414-023
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The direct link between an output and outcome indicator has to be evident and any scope change affecting the output has to be assessed as this relates to the envisaged outcome target. Cancellation of a subproject during implementation could trigger a revisit of the related outcome indicators at midterm review.

Project Number: 42414-013, 42414-045
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 5 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective and efficient implementation of large-scale land acquisition and resettlement activities depends largely on strong political will and commitment at all levels of the government. An executing agency needs to be proactive and initiate close working relationships with local authorities to resolve identified issues on the ground. Local communities, particularly affected households, must be engaged and their concerns should be adequately factored in by project design.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
The governments' internal review and approval processes and executing agencies' limited prior experience in ADB-financed projects and unfamiliarity with ADB procurement procedures were major contributing factors to the substantial startup and implementation delays experienced by this project.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Thorough project costing, including for the subproject components, is essential to smooth project implementation and success. Careful and precise estimation of costs and setting aside resources to cover future price escalations is required.

Project Number: 43405-024
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial sustainability of project assets and benefits, in this case, the sanitary and phytosanitary system, should be addressed at the outset or during implementation and not only identified as an issue at appraisal, and establishing appropriate financing mechanisms for operation and maintenance at the outset would help ensure adequate maintenance after project completion.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Active support of relevant government agencies and strong ownership of the project management units contribute significantly to project success. In developing member countries where institutional capacity is weak, it is critical that concerned agencies are both capacitated and committed in achieving the intended results.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A design and monitoring framework, underpinned by a well though-out and robust theory of change, can help better articulate the output and outcome statements and formulate appropriate performance indicators for measuring results.

Project Number: 43405-024
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The collective development results of a regional cooperation and integration project (e.g., cross-border spill-over effects of economic benefits and scale economies) rely on a well-defined and formulated joint project design and collective actions, including well-coordinated implementation activities among participating countries. These results, which were not evident in this project, reduce coordination failures and help in enhancing the delivery of regional public goods and services, including economic benefits.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The formulation of performance indicators in the context of regional dimension helps better assessment of the shared economic benefits among participating countries. Consequently, these performance indicators could provide insights into the magnitude and significance of these spill-over effects or shared economic benefits. In particular, these could provide insights into whether these regional economic benefits were well-dispersed or if a specific project entailed an asymmetrical distribution of benefits and costs across the countries.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Not considering adequate funding options and provisions for operations and maintenance (O&M) during the design phase can lead to sustainability issues after project completion. It is critical that a systematic plan for O&M design and measures are developed at the outset, considering the agencies' financial capabilities and attendant risks such as low levels of tariff rates.

Project Number: 43405-023
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date: