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Lesson
Long-term sustainability is critical for quality assurance programs to have a lasting and meaningful impact. This needs to be considered in the design of future similar TA, learning from this TA's experience. The TA's limited implementation period contrasts with private auditor quality assurance programsm which are regular, continuous, and long-term and require methodological and financial support to sustain momentum and achieve meaningful results.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
For a TA to enhance governance and financial management, close engagement with the DMCs’ institutions is critical for timely realizing the outputs and results.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Professional accounting organizations are reliable partners in initiatives to enhance the financial management capacity of DMCs. This TA benefited from an extensive network of partners from the DMCs and various Professional Accounting Organizations. This collaboration facilitated the gathering of substantive inputs localizing best international practices in auditor quality assurance programs, thereby improving the quality of the TA deliverables.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Broad stakeholder engagement, though time-consuming, is crucial. It enhances the quality and sustainability of outcomes by incorporating diverse insights and ensuring comprehensive solutions. This approach builds stakeholder buy-in, leverages additional resources, and fosters strong relationships, facilitating smoother project execution and promoting future cooperation, ultimately investing in time as a worthwhile endeavor for long-term success.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs/IAs and supreme audit institutions (SAIs) have expressed a substantial demand for capacity development initiatives focused on financial reporting and auditing practices. Increased and more frequent collaborative engagement with SAIs and private auditing firms would facilitate the prioritization of limited TA resources, allowing them to be strategically allocated to address the most critical capacity gaps. EAs/IAs staff training need to continuously focus on timely financial reporting and audit and comprehensive coverage of all project expenditures until financial closing.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The development partner assistance was ambitious. Its timeliness and the volume of ADB's Comprehensive Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic (CPRO) financial assistance were well-received by the government. However, this led to a rushed design and inadequate attention to monitoring of implementation, particularly regarding existing capacities to collect gender-disaggregated data in the absence of any existing digital social security systems.

Project Number: 54243-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive social welfare framework can greatly strengthen the impact of emergency response measures and programs that were intended to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the most vulnerable households. As intended, the program helped to successfully mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on citizens and businesses. It was aligned with ADB's Strategy 2030 and the Pacific Approach.

Project Number: 54243-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Indonesia needs better interoperability among the tiers of its government. In relation to public health, the effectiveness of the government’s initial response to the pandemic was limited by conflicting approaches. The lack of coordination within government; as evidenced particularly by conflicting public messages around social distancing especially in the early stages of the pandemic. These coordination issues were more apparent in the vertical relations between tiers of government than at inter-ministerial levels.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to target monitoring at end-state outcomes. Due to the lockdowns and mobility restrictions; early difficulty in the speed of PEN disbursements was unavoidable. Although the government recognized the need for urgent rollout; poor infrastructure raised the risk of leakage through corruption and led to a slower and more cautious approach than would otherwise have been optimal. A lesson to be drawn from the experience involves the need to target monitoring activities at end-state outcomes.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to digitalize government services in times of crisis. This effort is best pursued through collaboration with the private sector in Indonesia. The collaboration can strengthen the country's defense against future outbreaks and improve the targeting of social assistance. Digitalization including ithe financial sector should remain a focal point of ADB’s policy dialogue with Indonesia.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The urgency of the lending produced outcomes that, while unavoidable, are nevertheless instructive. For example, target setting was difficult because the contours of the pandemic were fluid. Liaising with the government was also challenging. The timeline for initial response was tight, and ADB worked with a small number of government teams in the interest of speed. This concentrated approach to planning was complicated by the pandemic affecting government officials’ health and well-being personally.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program reinforced the need for flexible targeting in pandemic situations. The Indonesian government was quick to recognize the tension between sustaining economic activity and minimizing the spread of disease through physical distancing and quarantine. At times; the National Recovery Program (PEN) was modified to strike a better balance. For example; the government increased its support for ultra-microenterprises midway through the program; pivoting its assistance program to more than 1 million street vendors who were economically displaced by restrictions on mobility.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Difficulties with data accentuated problems that included health targets, such as the vaccine rollout. Although testing rates had reached World Health Organization targets by August 2021, it was not clear that the national average testing rate applied uniformly at the provincial level.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The crisis amplified the adverse, preexisting, and self-reinforcing relationship between public health and economic outcomes. This relationship should remain at the forefront of ADB’s engagement with Indonesia. COVID-19 takes a higher toll on individuals who suffer from stunting—a disease that is prevalent in Indonesia and closely associated with poverty.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure the success of expenditure management at subnational government level, these entities need to become more dependent on locally sourced revenues over time. Rapidly increasing central transfers can make them more dependent to the national government and weaken their motivation to raise local revenues.

Project Number: 50168-001, 50168-002, 50168-003
Project Name: Fiscal and Public Expenditure Management Program
Report Date: