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Lesson
Good coordination among school administrators, provincial officers, and community members is essential to maximize the potential benefits accruing from linkages between business and industries. Appropriate guidelines or checklists are required to guide and define stakeholder roles.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Under a cluster (model–alliance) approach concept, it will be beneficial if the design to support private or smaller schools (alliance schools) in Indonesia incorporates clear incentives to elicit interest and commitment from both model and alliance schools.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Even conventional and repetitive activities like procurement need close management and careful handling when implemented in a new setting.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A good M&E system with appropriate indicators is a requisite whenever new concepts or approaches (i.e., school business plans or cluster approaches) are introduced in vocational education systems.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Good teaching–learning processes and high teacher quality is needed if TVET investment is to yield economic benefits to the society.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing arrangements for TVET across public and private schools need to take account of the broader framework of fiscal devolution in countries with significant decentralization policies.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inclusive education planning and management decisions in decentralized public management systems require meeting the diverse needs of the country’s regions in a mutually compatible, synchronized, and coherent manner.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The justification of a TVET policy needs to be clear in relation to a country’s labor productivity, competitiveness, and economic growth, and be able to lead to informed decisions about making large public investments in a viable manner.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Preparation of sound project feasibility studies is required. With the support of the government and ADB, future conservation programs and projects will need to develop improved implementation systems and provide more practical support for beneficiaries. As mentioned, fishers’ behavioural practices need to be taken into consideration in project design and support for group livelihood activities. Furthermore, technical support for livelihood activities is usually required for a minimum of 2 years.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Project assets should have been handed over to fishing communities in project districts. Another impact of discontinuity under the project was poor asset management of social infrastructure. The MMAF did not hand over the constructed assets to the district or village at project completion. It is necessary that all infrastructure built under a project is handed over formally to appropriate institutions before the project ends.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuity of human resources should be ensured. During COREMAP II implementation, NGOs were engaged for 16 months and facilitated to set up community groups in villages, e.g., MCS groups, coral reef management bodies, and women’s groups. Several months after the NGOs left, district governments (Bintan, Natuna) assigned extension workers, but the NGOs’ engagement period was too short to ensure that the community groups were adequately operational and functional. In most villages, NGO staff were not absorbed into extension worker positions.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Coastal communities relying on coral reefs need comprehensive ecosystem management. Conservation and management are both focused on improving coastal livelihoods. Comprehensive ecosystem management is essential for communities’ ongoing engagement in conservation activities. Given the importance of mangroves, more stress should be placed on mangrove conservation nationwide. Strong legislation should be developed to ban the conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming and prohibit illegal and destructive fishing.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Government buy-in and long-term commitment to conservation is needed. Based on the experiences and achievements of COREMAP, it is essential that every level of government—national, provincial, and district—strongly commits to implementing marine conservation programs and activities. Under Law No. 23, strong capacity to address illegal fishing is required at the provincial level. To make this happen, provinces need to work closely with districts to develop and internalize the capacity to manage costal resources.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
The post-program monitoring framework (PPMF) is a useful instrument in helping ensure the sustainability of reforms and providing a basis for continued ADB dialogue and support. The PPMF was a useful input to the design of the ADB policy-based loan supporting the Financial Market Development and Integration Program in 2012. It is also a good practice for ADB to support a post-monitoring program with technical assistance. However, the PPMF should monitor not only actions and outputs but also outcomes.

Project Number: 32507-013, 32507-023, 32507-032
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program Cluster (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The coverage of accompanying TA to support implementation of the reforms should match the scope and complexity of the program. The $1.5 million TA project was aimed at supporting the continuation of the reforms beyond the CMDPC, including the policy measures in the post-program monitoring framework. The other TA project amounting to $1.2 million TA project, with limited components, supported the implementation of a $600 million loan program with 93 policy actions to be completed by several government agencies.

Project Number: 32507-013, 32507-023, 32507-032
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program Cluster (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date: