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Lesson
To maximize impacts, community engagement components along with sufficient budget and post-project continuity plans need to be embedded in the design of projects that entail behavioral change. This project's community engagement component was designed and implemented as a broad-based outreach program to encourage behavioral change in personal waste disposal and hygiene, especially handwashing with soap, across all communities in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Collection of both quantitative and qualitative data on gender impacts need to be incorporated in the design of future community engagement initiatives. Such data should provide indications on how and to what degree the initiative reduces women's time poverty, improves their well-being, and boosts their ability to engage in productive activities.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The imposition of sewerage tariffs needs to be carefully thought out and based on a thorough study, as these could discourage low-income households from connecting to new sanitation services. Sewerage tariffs were proposed based on the “user pays” principle as one of two means to increase resources for the operation and maintenance of project facilities. However, sanitation services are overall viewed as a public good not suited to the "user pays" principle. Moreover, given the dire pre- project sanitation situation in South Tarawa, the principle may not work.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-planned integrated urban development investments—possibly including a South Tarawa-wide sewage collection and disposal system along with subsidized toilet and flushing facilities for low-income households— are necessary to substantially address the sanitation issue in South Tarawa. It was recognized from the outset that the project could only be the start of a comprehensive solution to the serious sanitation problem in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate staffing levels and frequent staff turnovers make training efforts less effective and sustainable. Under their existing structures, all the key project agencies faced challenges due to the perennial shortage of key personnel, made worse by high staff turnover. Therefore, it has been essential for ADB to continually review staff skills and capabilities and corporate structures, and implement measures to fill capacity gaps.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government needs to do more to provide leaderahip and guidance to infrastructure projects in Kiribati. The Project Steering Commitee, renamed in 2016 as the National Infrastructure Development Steering Committee, was set up to guide several other infrastructure projects aside from this one. Therefore, it can provide only limited support to the ADB project. Achieving the intended impacts of a major project such as ADB's requires regular and proactive direction from senior government representatives through all phases of the project.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project sustainability crucially depends on a financially sound operating agency and a tariff level and structure that ensures sufficient resources to cover costs. Without financial soundness, the risk of an unsuccessful project outcome is high. Thus, it is important to ensure that either there are cost-recovery mechanisms in place or budgetary resources are sufficiently earmarked to cover operation and maintenance expenses.

Project Number: 52256-006
Project Name: Osh-Plotina Water Treatment Plant Chlorine Neutralization Unit
Report Date:
Lesson
Water treatment plant designs, whether for rehabilitation or otherwise, that are not complete in the components needed to operate the project effectively and safely, could have inherent risks in terms of delays in completion of the project and delays in producing the economic benefits that was expected from the project. Therefore, it may be worthwhile, to carefully plan or consider all pertinent components in the design stage. This could only be done by pursuing an integrated approach.

Project Number: 52256-006
Project Name: Osh-Plotina Water Treatment Plant Chlorine Neutralization Unit
Report Date:
Lesson
The sector development program modality proved to be effective in helping the government to reform the education sector. It responded to the sector's major problem of insufficient financing, with the policy-based grant providing the government financial incentives to reform the sector. The project component effectively supported the implementation of policy reforms. Some project initiatives are not yet fully functional and the government needs further support to accomplish these. Supporting technical assistance could address this.

Project Number: 46537-002
Project Name: Strengthening Education System Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the direct link between supported activities, outputs, and outcome, and relevance of their indicators is critical. For example, this program failed to achieve or achieved only in part some outcome indicators even though all planned outputs were delivered.

Project Number: 46537-002
Project Name: Strengthening Education System Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of capacity in governmen to continue reforms without external support puts the sustainability of reform projects' outputs at risk. Reforming the sector requires strong ownership and commitment in terms of providing sufficient financing and policy changes to support the reform. Some project outputs—including the textbook rental scheme and textbook provision, online training modules and attestation for teachers, curricula review system, and financing of innovative schools' additional functions—are incomplete as the government still has not implemented them countrywide.

Project Number: 46537-002
Project Name: Strengthening Education System Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 54156-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Advance procurement is crucial in avoiding startup delays. Government’s ratification of the facility agreement was delayed by 3 months because of the COVID-19 outbreak and the October 2020 political turmoil in the country. But the executing agency effectively used advance procurement to avoid startup delay. With advance procurement for the supply and installation of equipment and consulting services commencing in June 2020, project implementation was completed nearly 1 year ahead of schedule. Financial closing was 8 months earlier than envisaged.

Project Number: 52256-006
Project Name: Osh-Plotina Water Treatment Plant Chlorine Neutralization Unit
Report Date:
Lesson
Processing of activities or initiatives funded by new modalities takes time. This initiative helped build the capacity of Osh Vodokanal for the safe and sustainable operation of the chlorine neutralization unit at the Osh-Plotina water treatment plant (WTP) in the Kyrgyz Republic, which had been rehabilitated in 2016 under the successful ADB-financed Emergency Assistance for Recovery and Reconstruction project. It was funded under ADB’s small expenditure financing facility (SEFF), which provides a quick and flexible response to small financing needs linked to ADB-financed projects.

Project Number: 52256-006
Project Name: Osh-Plotina Water Treatment Plant Chlorine Neutralization Unit
Report Date:
Lesson
Navigating the appropriate financing size and institutional requirements of the CPRO while developing its scope and short- to medium-term directions demanded strong collaboration and coordination among ADB departments.

Project Number: 54169-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date: