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Lesson
While the shift to renewable energy generation has occurred, and although 20% is the target, much more is needed if costs are to be lowered further and contributions to greenhouse gas reductions can be achieved. Higher targets are needed for renewable energy in the future.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided the environment for private sector participation (PSP) in the sector, although this should only be seen as the start and not the conclusion. Further, independent power producers need to be contracted whenever possible, while carefully monitoring contingent liability risks. More PSP could be encouraged in water and wastewater operations,perhaps adopting franchise or concession arrangements, viability gap financing, or availability payments.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The indicators for measuring the accomplishment of the program can be further improved by identifying more precise indicators. For instance, in addition to approval dates of policy-based actions, the inclusion of simplified monitoring and reporting arrangements under the indicative program monitoring framework should be considered as appropriate.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The inclusion of expected losses from health-related national emergencies must be considered in the program design of contingency disaster financing given the experience in COVID-19. Because health is now a part overall hazard, this will somewhat provide a quick guide in fund disbursements in case of such occurrences.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project procurement and implementation guidelines and procedures should be firmed up prior to project start-up especially in cofinanced projects where each financing institution has its own procedures and guidelines to follow.

Project Number: 44281-013
Project Name: Kiribati: Road Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough evaluation of the implementation schedules of foreign and locally-funded projects in South Tarawa should have been determined and reviewed, overlaps identified, and coordination established between the projects and the implementing agency.

Project Number: 44281-013
Project Name: Kiribati: Road Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need for more nuanced and layered approaches to address gender.

Project Number: 42291-025
Project Name: Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program – Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome statements should be more carefully worded to be consistent with the DMF and the theory of change.

Project Number: 42291-025
Project Name: Higher Education in the Pacific Investment Program – Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Insufficient technical support was provided to the Government of Palau by ADB at program commencement to assist with the initial work on alternative policy and legal frameworks, including merger and privatization options. Greater use of specialist water utility engineers and water company contractors with wide Pacific experience could have benefited the program.

Project Number: 44031-013
Project Name: Water Sector Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The RRP outlined that one of the program outputs was the establishment of the policy and legal framework to enable the provision of sustainable and efficient water and sewerage services, including allowing for outsourcing of the management function to a private company. Examples of merged power and water utilities and private sector-run water utilities include the UNELCO Engie in Vanuatu and the American Samoa Power Authority (footnote 9). These types of viable utility options need to be considered during the appraisal of similar programs.

Project Number: 44031-013
Project Name: Water Sector Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultation was undertaken at appraisal and fact-finding was done by ADB on alternatives to the establishment of the PWSC. However, the change in the government resulted in changes in the sector reform choices undertaken and resulted in less commitment to the program. For similar policy-based loans, the lesson is to develop ownership indicators for programs ex-ante, which are sufficiently robust to ensure that government commitment is maintained irrespective of sector reform pathways.

Project Number: 44031-013
Project Name: Water Sector Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Joint donor support in a small country can provide a significant incentive for reform. Joint support provides an incentive because of its potential significance in overall GDP. Nevertheless, it is still important that reform is country-owned. In Kiribati, the government could see the cost of maintaining its existing fiscal policy because of its negative impact on the RERF, so the external shock also provided an incentive to reform.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Limit the policy matrix to a few critical actions. While Kiribati had an incentive to reform, the country also has limited reform capacity. It needs to focus on a few critical actions and to be clear on the development outcome of each prior action, including identifying an indicator that can be monitored. The requirement where the five largest SOEs were to submit audited accounts may have underestimated the institutional capacity that was required to achieve it.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarity between the policy matrix and the DMF is important for monitoring and evaluating results. A clear line between the prior actions and the overall development outcome is important so that the program achievements can be judged consistently.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
TA support is important. If a TA grant is not directly provided to support reform implementation, it is important to link reforms to existing areas of technical assistance. ADB helped support SOE reforms before and after grant release, so there was existing support in the area, which would continue after the PBL. The program also benefited from the government and development partners creating a joint policy matrix, which listed a series of policy actions that preceded grant release and supported a post-partnership framework.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date: