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Lesson
Sector loans lack the scope to address crosscutting themes and have mostly been successful due to established institutional linkages within given sectors. In contrast, the issue of labor rights is not confined to a sector, but is a crosscutting macro-level structural issue involving nationwide economic, sociopolitical, and legal reforms.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To avoid startup delays and politicization of the recruitment process, the most feasible mode of procurement of community mobilization services is single-source selection of one qualified NGO at the appraisal stage.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The agenda of labor rights is also incompatible with these loans because rather than entailing restructuring of commodity, capital and fiscal markets through rapidly-disbursed loans, it involves political processes labor representation in legislative bodies, constitutional and legal provisions, an effective judicial system, and above all the abolition of a feudal structure, which is a root cause of bonded labor.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the sector mandate of line agencies in Pakistan, provincial planning and development departments are the best institutional homes for multisector projects, as these are the only departments with a multisector mandate. In addition, they have established reporting lines and institutional relationships with line departments and district governments.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Labor- related regulatory and administrative reforms were included in the design but given the program loan focus on fiscal matters and reduction of recurrent costs, these measures were not achieved because these measures required increase in public expenditure and legislation.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A multisector community development project must be organic in nature (i.e., self- operating, which reduces the coordination demands on the executing agency, and the need for monitoring by ADB). This can only happen if (i) the design includes comparatively more tested and proven interventions and fewer new initiatives; and (ii) the interventions are limited in number and strategic in nature; and (iii) if an appropriate executing agency and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) are selected at the appraisal stage.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Links between labor rights and welfare, good governance practices, poverty reduction and the improvement of labor rights through loans by multilateral financing institutions is relatively under-researched, at least with respect to Pakistan. Yet, given the overarching focus of ADB on good governance and poverty reduction, it is critical that this be explored. Poverty reduction not only requires that income opportunities be created, but also that these opportunities constitute a means by which individuals and households can exit the absolute poverty cycle.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All formalities, including approval of government project documents, should be completed before the loan agreement is concluded, thus avoiding potential delays between loan effectiveness and project start-up. This should specifically include project management staffing, appointment of implementation consultants, allocation of counterpart staff, and advance preparation of procurement packages.

Project Number: 24268
Project Name: Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (Stage III)
Report Date:
Lesson
Lost opportunities for gender mainstreaming at the beginning of the project were partly due to the lack of established mechanisms and clear guidelines on gender mainstreaming on the part of ADB before 2008. However, because of the inspection request that extended the Project, adjustments were made, producing gender equality results with the guidance of up-to-date manuals on gender and increased support to hire gender specialists.

Project Number: 24268
Project Name: Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (Stage III)
Report Date:
Lesson
The most effective approach to compliance is to specifically address environmental and social safeguard issues (including beneficiary consultations) at the earliest stage of the project cycle.

Project Number: 24268
Project Name: Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (Stage III)
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional frameworks and agreements related to project operation and maintence (O&M), in particular cost recovery from project beneficiaries, must be implemented effectively. In particular, where responsibility for O&M is to be shared between a number of stakeholders (e.g., provincial and local governments, beneficiaries), all parties should be actively involved in project design from the outset.

Project Number: 24268
Project Name: Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (Stage III)
Report Date:
Lesson
Care is needed in undertaking cost-cutting measures to ensure that these do not compromise the long-term sustainability of a project by increasing the requirement for operation and maintenance.

Project Number: 24268
Project Name: Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (Stage III)
Report Date:
Lesson
The incorporation of a bonus payment for early completion in civil works contracts improved the responsiveness of the contractors in correcting deficiencies in works undertaken.

Project Number: 24268
Project Name: Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (Stage III)
Report Date: