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Lesson
Setting up task forces with experienced and motivated staff from the executing and implementing agencies, as well as staff from other government agencies depending on the nature of tasks, proved effective in executing tasks related to business process reengineering, which is both policy oriented and technical in nature, or to testing and accepting customs automated information system, which relied heavily on ICT.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need for sustained engagement in social protection. The enduring relevance of the Social Sectors Support Program, which has continued after the financial crisis, underlines the importance of the key objective of ADB's Social Protection Strategy to build social protection systems in non-crisis years and its emphasis that such a system should not be based on a oneoff response to a crisis. Sustained engagement in policy dialogue in non-crisis years is critical to building demand for social protection beyond the crisis response.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance (TA) attached to the program proved to be crucial to achieving the policy reforms. The TA inputs ensured the technical quality and overall sustainability of the policy measures and contributed significantly to the success of the program. The experience points to the need to back up program loans with strong technical assistance.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Even in the context of a crisis situation, the 20 months allowed at appraisal for the Social Sectors Support Program's (SSSP) implementation was inadequate, particularly for achieving the technically and politically challenging goals of social welfare targeting and consolidation. A reform process in this area tends to be protracted and highly contentious - a fact that was established by the Social Security Sector Development Program (2002-2009) and reconfirmed by the SSSP.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
By underpinning some of the most important policy issues in the social sector, the Social Sectors Support Program (SSSP) maintained ADB's position at the center of social sector policy reform in Mongolia. Further modernization of the social protection system, including wider and better use of targeting, will require continuous external technical and capacity development support to strengthen institutions and human resources.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The evaluation offers some lessons regarding the need to (i) properly adapt the scope and time frame of comprehensive and sensitive policy reforms to institutional capacity, (ii) carefully sequence reforms, and (iii) take a long-term approach to development. Developing capital markets is a long-term process, for which 10-20 years may be considered a realistic time frame. Capital market reform should focus on a limited set of highly selective and sequenced reforms that are within reach of government implementation capacity.

Project Number: 34135-013
Project Name: Financial Regulation and Governance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In general, program loans should either exclude highly complex and far-reaching policy reforms or build on intensive policy dialogue and enhanced monitoring and review by ADB. Corrective action regarding the scope and implementation arrangements of the program should be considered at an early stage if implementation is observed to fall behind schedule or government capacity, ownership, and commitment show signs of receding.

Project Number: 35376-023
Project Name: Second Phase of the Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The evaluation offers lessons regarding the need to properly adapt the scope and time frame of reforms to institutional capacity and to sequence reforms. Budget reform should be regarded as an evolving process and should focus on a more limited set of reforms that are within the reach of government institutions.

Project Number: 35376-023
Project Name: Second Phase of the Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The provision of technical assistance (TA) should match the scope of targeted policy reforms and the capacity of implementing agencies. In addition, it appears from the evaluation of the program that ADB's great reliance on TA consultants to develop much of its policy and advisory input affects its ability to develop sustainable internal capacity on policy issues. It has thereby reduced ADB's ability to quickly respond to government requests for policy advice and to engage in long-term dialogue.

Project Number: 34135-013
Project Name: Financial Regulation and Governance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In general, it is proposed that program loans should either not include highly complex and far-reaching policy reforms or build on enhanced policy dialogue, comprehensive technical assistance, and intensive monitoring and review by ADB. Lack of technical understanding on the part of political decision makers requires support for comprehensive and consistent advisory technical assistance throughout the drafting and approval process of new legislation.

Project Number: 34135-013
Project Name: Financial Regulation and Governance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing roles for nongovernment organizations. The SSSDP brought civil society into social welfare provision for the first time in Mongolia. The role of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) can be expanded in the areas of monitoring of policy implementation, service, and advocacy for reforms.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project did not have an adequate monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system. Analysis on gender and socioeconomic impacts are not available because of a lack of collection and disaggregation of data. The limited capacity of the M&E unit needs to be addressed if the impacts of future reform initiatives are to be properly assessed.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of information, education, and communication. The SSSDP conducted an intensive information, education, and communication campaign to garner support among the public and politicians for the reforms. As Mongolia enters a new period of reform that may result in the introduction of a national PMT, it is vital that a new information, education, and communication campaign is put in place and sustained.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The State Social Insurance General Office (SSIGO) made considerable progress in improving its technical capacity under the project. It is likely that even greater progress would have been made had the office been given greater autonomy and more involvement in policy making.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date: