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Lesson
Very high turnover of MOH (Ministry of Health) staff slowed policy reforms that required legislative approval and government commitment. Although government changes cannot be predicted, a longer-term assessment of overall political stability would be valuable, so as to prioritize project policy goals that are necessary for project implementation and sustainability. A key lesson is that reform ambitions need to match the actual capacity of government agencies and factor in turnovers.

Project Number: 41119-012
Project Name: Third Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The adequacy and appropriateness of project design have to be tailored to the project’s ultimate objectives and complexities. The PCR provided weak justification of the relevance of the extension and the insufficiency of indicators.

Project Number: 39662-012, 39662-022
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Even in the context of a crisis situation, the 20 months allowed at appraisal for the Social Sectors Support Program's (SSSP) implementation was inadequate, particularly for achieving the technically and politically challenging goals of social welfare targeting and consolidation. A reform process in this area tends to be protracted and highly contentious - a fact that was established by the Social Security Sector Development Program (2002-2009) and reconfirmed by the SSSP.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
By underpinning some of the most important policy issues in the social sector, the Social Sectors Support Program (SSSP) maintained ADB's position at the center of social sector policy reform in Mongolia. Further modernization of the social protection system, including wider and better use of targeting, will require continuous external technical and capacity development support to strengthen institutions and human resources.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need for sustained engagement in social protection. The enduring relevance of the Social Sectors Support Program, which has continued after the financial crisis, underlines the importance of the key objective of ADB's Social Protection Strategy to build social protection systems in non-crisis years and its emphasis that such a system should not be based on a oneoff response to a crisis. Sustained engagement in policy dialogue in non-crisis years is critical to building demand for social protection beyond the crisis response.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance (TA) attached to the program proved to be crucial to achieving the policy reforms. The TA inputs ensured the technical quality and overall sustainability of the policy measures and contributed significantly to the success of the program. The experience points to the need to back up program loans with strong technical assistance.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The relationship between MOH and the PIU needed to be discussed from the beginning of the project. This would have avoided the PIU isolating itself from the Ministry of Health's (MOH) decision-making process, as happened too often during the first 2 years of implementation. Decision-making procedures need to be clarified to involve MOH departments and higher authorities in decisions affecting bidding processes, consultant selection and outputs, policy matters, and resource allocation in the health sector.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from the irregularities with civil works in Zavhan aimag are the need to (i) provide external monitoring of civil works in addition to regular monitoring by MOH and various statutory inspection bodies (ADB has organized external monitoring for subsequent projects in the health sector), and (ii) strengthen the bid evaluation capacity of MOH (the weak capacity of some of the firms involved in irregularities could have been detected at an early stage).

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms should not be too numerous and should be well integrated into an overall project. Highest priority should be given to policy reforms (and covenants) that are necessary for project implementation or sustainability. A stakeholder analysis should be conducted for all proposed policy reforms, and a strategy developed for moving systematically to the desired policy reform reflected in the project's design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date: