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Lesson
An exogenous shock such as the COVID-19 pandemic can significantly affect TA execution and associated plans and government priorities. When that happens, it will be useful to pause TA implementation, revisit the processing timeline, take sufficient time to observe and discuss with the executing agency, and make adjustment where possible. The TA was well aligned with strategy documents at national and ADB level.

Project Number: 52013-001
Project Name: Research University Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Study tour activities may help advance innovation, as some key stakeholders would change their mindset due to the newly acquired knowledge.

Project Number: 53054-001
Project Name: Smart Energy System for Mongolia
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Lesson
It is critical for project design to include key activities and budget for the executing agency and implementing agency to be accountable for realizing the targets indicated in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). In this case, the DMF indicator for “report identifying and addressing constraints on achieving gender balance in senior hospital management” was canceled due to the absence of activities and resources planned at the project design stage to identify and address the gender parity issues in senior hospital management.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has been at the forefront of social welfare reform in Mongolia. Continued engagement at the country level is key to further strengthening the system through improved targeting, consolidation of benefits, and improved financial sustainability. Although not the aim of the emergency assistance loan, the project highlighted the need for further reforming the system.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
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Lesson
Inadequate risk assessments can prevent projects from achieving results. The design and monitoring framework was designed with more assumptions made than risks identified. Overall project implementation was impacted by changes in government, although higher education institutions (HEIs) remained a priority for the government. Identification of risks related to unforeseen changes in government would have informed ADB and the project implementation unit of factors that could prevent the achievement of project results.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
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Lesson
An alternatives analysis during the appraisal phase could help inform on identifying project alternatives in terms of feasibility of various technical options, and the scale as well as timing of investments. In the case of this program, there were competing views on Ulaanbaatar’s transport sector development. Such an analysis could help enhance buy-in among key stakeholders on the most appropriate alternative to pursue.

Project Number: 39256-023, 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility andTranche 1)
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Lesson
A more robust assessment of the ability of the recipient agency to implement the proposed capacity-building activities and hire the required consultants and consulting firms in a timely manner is needed in future technical assistance (TA) loans. A smaller TA package could have been considered in view of the frequent changes that typify much of Mongolia’s national government.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
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Lesson
Financial intermediation loans, which can be used to finance the investment plans of enterprises, need to be supported by TA to build the capacity of participating banks and enterprises to achieve the intended development results.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Aligning the financing instruments with the development needs and capacity of institutions is another key factor for ensuring the quality of design of value chain projects. For this project, grant financing and technical assistance (TA) were used to support product quality, institutional framework, and deposit guarantee during the initial phase. These were followed by a package of loans and TA to support loans for onlending and capacity building during the expansion phase.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear identification of the development constraints and challenges providing the rationale for the project and a clear articulation of the value chain objectives are among the key factors influencing the quality of design of value chain projects.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects supporting educational reforms such as improving the school dormitory system require a well-defined development plan and multi-faceted approach. Greater support for financial, human and physical resources, and capacity building, specifically support for policy and educational regulatory reforms, helps in improving project sustainability and in turn promotes better access to education.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
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Lesson
Focusing projects on a few, contiguous areas can facilitate cross-learning thereby improving implementation and heightening impacts. The project was implemented in four aimag centers selected by the executing agency which are not geographically close. It could have been more beneficial if the project were implemented in neighboring aimags to allow the beneficiaries to learn from one another and observe spillover effects of project activities.

Project Number: 52303-001
Project Name: Managing Solid Waste in Secondary Cities
Report Date:
Lesson
Unforeseeable changes in the regulatory framework introduced after project approval can result in changes in project design and scope. In this case, it prompted lengthy discussions that ended up with the cancellation of one output. The experience needs to be considered for projects that plan to address complex issues with multisectoral involvement in countries like Mongolia that are still transitioning and frequently introduce changes in the existing regulations.

Project Number: 45009-002
Project Name: Fifth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects, with an intention to have innovative features, including private sector participation, are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. The lack of a clear sector plan in this case resulted in changes in government priorities and decision (i.e., from multimodal to rail-to-rail transshipment, from private operator to state-owned entity).

Project Number: 41192-013
Project Name: Regional Logistics Development Project
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Lesson
Phased implementation of the proxy means test (PMT) is a crucial strategy for providing allowance to important factors affecting the effectiveness of targeted social assistance in reaching its intended beneficiaries. The program duration of 36 months set during the design of the original project was insufficient to introduce a targeting methodology and targeted social assistance in a country where there was no previous related experience.

Project Number: 42322-012
Project Name: Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project
Report Date: