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Lesson
The evaluation offers some lessons regarding the need to (i) properly adapt the scope and time frame of comprehensive and sensitive policy reforms to institutional capacity, (ii) carefully sequence reforms, and (iii) take a long-term approach to development. Developing capital markets is a long-term process, for which 10-20 years may be considered a realistic time frame. Capital market reform should focus on a limited set of highly selective and sequenced reforms that are within reach of government implementation capacity.

Project Number: 34135-013
Project Name: Financial Regulation and Governance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The need to enhance the capacity of ADB staff to quickly assess changing project circumstances and adjust project parameters to ensure greater use of ADB loan funds and better attainment of project objectives. The PCR identified some other important lessons.

Project Number: 28201-013
Project Name: Rural Finance Project [Loan 1848-MON]
Report Date:
Lesson
The need to lay down a firm legal, regulatory, and supervisory foundation prior to embarking on promotion of financing institutions, such as SCCs. In this case, ADB attempted to establish the regulatory structure in parallel to project implementation, which did not work well. The two activities should have been better prepared, and sequenced as separate projects.

Project Number: 28201-013
Project Name: Rural Finance Project [Loan 1848-MON]
Report Date:
Lesson
Te SSSDP failed to explicitly address a fundamental weakness in the social welfare system: the systematic exclusion of unregistered households. Efforts to overcome this flaw need to be accelerated.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms should not be too numerous and should be well integrated into an overall project. Highest priority should be given to policy reforms (and covenants) that are necessary for project implementation or sustainability. A stakeholder analysis should be conducted for all proposed policy reforms, and a strategy developed for moving systematically to the desired policy reform reflected in the project's design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing roles for nongovernment organizations. The SSSDP brought civil society into social welfare provision for the first time in Mongolia. The role of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) can be expanded in the areas of monitoring of policy implementation, service, and advocacy for reforms.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The relationship between MOH and the PIU needed to be discussed from the beginning of the project. This would have avoided the PIU isolating itself from the Ministry of Health's (MOH) decision-making process, as happened too often during the first 2 years of implementation. Decision-making procedures need to be clarified to involve MOH departments and higher authorities in decisions affecting bidding processes, consultant selection and outputs, policy matters, and resource allocation in the health sector.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project did not have an adequate monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system. Analysis on gender and socioeconomic impacts are not available because of a lack of collection and disaggregation of data. The limited capacity of the M&E unit needs to be addressed if the impacts of future reform initiatives are to be properly assessed.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of information, education, and communication. The SSSDP conducted an intensive information, education, and communication campaign to garner support among the public and politicians for the reforms. As Mongolia enters a new period of reform that may result in the introduction of a national PMT, it is vital that a new information, education, and communication campaign is put in place and sustained.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from the irregularities with civil works in Zavhan aimag are the need to (i) provide external monitoring of civil works in addition to regular monitoring by MOH and various statutory inspection bodies (ADB has organized external monitoring for subsequent projects in the health sector), and (ii) strengthen the bid evaluation capacity of MOH (the weak capacity of some of the firms involved in irregularities could have been detected at an early stage).

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The State Social Insurance General Office (SSIGO) made considerable progress in improving its technical capacity under the project. It is likely that even greater progress would have been made had the office been given greater autonomy and more involvement in policy making.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Updating the social security sector strategy paper. The Social Security Sector Strategy Paper (SSSSP) was a major milestone and the document is still a valuable guide for the sector. There is a need to update it, and this should be a priority once key decisions have been made regarding the proposed consolidation and targeting of benefits.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Improving the impact of business incubation centers. The impact of the centers could be furthered by (i) providing start-up loans and performance-based support, (ii) providing better outreach to remote areas, and (iii) developing business incubation center packages that better target the livestock development needs of herders.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Livelihood support councils. As part of the reforms pioneered by the project, the government introduced livelihood support councils. The councils clearly have an important contribution to make and have the legal mandate to do so. However, there is uncertainty as to how effective they are nationally and what is the full range of their responsibilities. A national assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the councils is urgently needed.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Creating incentives at vocational training centers. The investment in training and workshop equipment has helped the vocational training centers to generate income. This income could provide a sustainable fund for equipment replacement and student scholarships.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date: