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Lesson
The adequacy and appropriateness of project design have to be tailored to the project’s ultimate objectives and complexities. The PCR provided weak justification of the relevance of the extension and the insufficiency of indicators.

Project Number: 39662-012, 39662-022
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
If project design includes the extensive use of NGOs as a major means of project implementation, their availability and capacity to undertake the role will need more careful consideration. As noted in the PCR, if capacity is considered inadequate, time should be allowed for the orientation and training of the NGOs and/or implementers.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects that involve active community participation and strong stakeholder ownership require adequate social preparation time.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The design of similar projects needs to be less complex, geographically contiguous, and realistic in scope given the time frame and available resources.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough institutional capacity assessment in all areas of project implementation is needed before capacity development support can be effective.

Project Number: 31402-013
Project Name: Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project confirms that mandatory 50% participation of women and representation of caste and ethnic minorities in user-committee and executive positions that are proportionate to their populations will ensure their equal access to project benefits. Women's social empowerment can be achieved through social mobilization and capacity building in the process

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Simple technology and small systems are more sustainable, as operation and maintenance (O&M) responsibility for rural water supply is assigned to the community and VMWs are able to maintain these systems with limited technical skills.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community mobilization should be conducted prior to water user and sanitation committee (WUSC) formation so beneficiaries will be fully aware and their participation effective. While nongovernment organizations (NGOs) were effective in community mobilization and raising awareness, their technical capacity was comparatively weak. Therefore, project formulation should include capacity assessment of all stakeholders.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Retroactive financing and advance procurement action are needed to avoid start-up delays.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation, monitoring, and supervision were logistically difficult and costly due to scattered subproject sites (both districts and village). Clustering the project area based on geographic contiguity and similarity should be considered when selecting project sites in order to improve the efficiency of implementation, monitoring, and supervision.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date: