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Lesson
Targets and indicators in the DMF of program loans such as this need to be extremely conscious of exogenous factors. There is also a need for ADB program to assign focus areas for policy coordination and monitoring among ADB and other development partners so that respective contributions to policy dialogue under the different program components can be traced.

Project Number: 43191-023, 43191-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program— Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The adequacy and appropriateness of project design have to be tailored to the project’s ultimate objectives and complexities. The PCR provided weak justification of the relevance of the extension and the insufficiency of indicators.

Project Number: 39662-012, 39662-022
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
IT-related project components need extra attention from ADB in small, remote countries with low capacity. From the start, the IT components for the land management administrations and FSMDB were not properly scoped and resourced. They did not adequately consider the limited capacity of internal IT departments and local IT providers. They also failed to address such related problems as the need to provide implementation support throughout the first year of operation.

Project Number: 33314-013
Project Name: Federated States of Micronesia: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Program implementation arrangements in the FSM need to recognize the limited authority of a program implementation unit at the national level over state administrations.

Project Number: 33314-013
Project Name: Federated States of Micronesia: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Consider targeting support for reform initiatives in the FSM at individual states. Decentralized practices among the four states (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap) make coordination and communication on policy issues a challenge. This challenge was compounded by the weak capacity of various implementing agencies and different views and levels of political commitment regarding the reform agenda. These resulted in varying degrees of performance.

Project Number: 33314-013
Project Name: Federated States of Micronesia: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A design and monitoring framework can be an effective instrument to attain results only if it is properly shared with implementing agencies and provides clear performance targets with appropriate timelines, monitoring mechanisms, and baseline data. Sufficient resources and time should have been allocated for consultation with implementing agencies in determining program inputs, outputs, and outcomes, as well as in setting and monitoring performance targets.

Project Number: 33314-013
Project Name: Federated States of Micronesia: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy actions must be formulated in a manner that does not leave room for ambiguity or interpretation of supported policy principles. A large number of policy actions under PSDP were not sufficiently defined to ensure or help ascertain the achievement of meaningful results.

Project Number: 33314-013
Project Name: Federated States of Micronesia: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Public enterprise reform in the FSM requires creative approaches to involving the private sector in the management of public assets given limited private sector capacity and interest. The effort to reform and divest public enterprises has not been as successful as hoped. One reason is that in such a small and remote lower-income country with a weak private sector, there are few people with the capital or business experience to bid for or successfully manage such enterprises.

Project Number: 33314-013
Project Name: Federated States of Micronesia: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Ascertaining legislative support at both the national and state levels is an important aspect of determining project readiness in the FSM. The unexpected delays in obtaining national and state legislative authorization delayed the loan approval and loan effectiveness, each by 1 year, respectively. Reform momentum was lost during the long interval between appraisal and program inception.

Project Number: 33314-013
Project Name: Federated States of Micronesia: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
All Pacific developing member countries, including Samoa, experience great difficulty implementing long-term structural adjustment policies. While demand-side, short-term price stabilization policies may be more readily implemented, longer-term changes to land tenure and state-owned enterprises and efforts to liberalize trade and investment regimes confront a very difficult political economy environment in the Pacific islands. Governments are comfortable with short-term price reforms that pose less of a challenge to the political economy.

Project Number: 43191-013, 43191-023
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date: