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Lesson
Sense of ownership at the higher level. Developing a strong sense of ownership at the higher level of the hierarchy is as important as developing it at the ground level.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided lessons in allocating counterpart funds generated from program proceeds. Budget earmarking should only be considered if the government has adequate mechanisms to track expenditures. Otherwise, technical assistance is important to provide this capacity. Programs should also rethink strict budget earmarking. While placing strict conditions on how a government spends the funds seems desirable, implementation could be difficult when budget precision is low.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for advance recruitment of consultants to assist with planning and review, pre-implementation preparations, and legal support to ensure that project implementation is not delayed.

Project Number: 33036-013
Project Name: Health Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Application of training to real situations. The in-service training provided participants with new ideas and skills. Combined with the provision of new textbooks and teachers' manuals written in line wit the methodological training, this has provided teachers with concrete opportunities to practice and develop their skills further.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Since the crisis response operations support government's crisis mitigation measures, program monitoring could also benefit from technical assistance where country systems are weak, as in Tajikistan. The technical assistance could focus on expenditure tracking mechanisms, internal controls, and external audits; and be conducted in two stages. At the first stage, when monitoring capacity is still weak, experts could be engaged to monitor program-supported expenditures rather than relying on the government to submit monitoring reports.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Conducting a comprehensive needs assessment before drawing up civil works and equipment lists, ensure that the right inputs are made in the right places.

Project Number: 33036-013
Project Name: Health Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Transparency and fairness in resource allocation. The use of objective, transparent (poverty index), and fair criteria in allocating assistance funds elicits trust and a positive response from the community.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Duccess of a financial crisis response operation is highly contingent on the government's ability to quickly put together its own anti-crisis plan, which could be financed by ADB after exercising due diligence. In the case of Tajikistan, the government had an anti-crisis action plan and a crisis budget. Readiness to implement is also important.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Rationalization of PHC institutions and provision of adequate health financing should go 'hand in hand'. Thus, the restructuring of health institutions should be accompanied by trained primary health care (PHC) staff, sufficient coverage of PHC facilities, adequate supplies of essential drugs and medical commodities, and health reform;

Project Number: 33036-013
Project Name: Health Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complementary project inputs. The combination of the Education Sector Reform Project (ESRP) and the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) School Improvement Project was a demonstration of successful coordination of projects pursuing related objectives within the same organization.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During crisis episodes, while policy reforms are important, the government has urgent needs to quickly stabilize the economy, such as, providing urgent fiscal support to counteract the financial crisis. As such, crisis response operations should focus more on immediate responses to the financial crisis, such as maintaining critical social and safety net expenditures. However, as crises open opportunities for reforms, policy dialogue can be initiated for follow-up operations. But this should not delay the financial crisis recovery support.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Where WUAs are expected to participate in designing irrigation and drainage schemes, it is important that they be established in advance of the design process to ensure ownership.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Holistic approach. The project design, which simultaneously strengthens three pillars of support the line ministry (MInistry of Education or MOE), the school, and the community proved to be a good model for future education projects.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has no modality for a financial crisis response operation for Asian Development Fund countries. The special program loan in the Program Lending Policy is limited to ordinary capital resources countries and can only used to address balance of payment crises. Likewise, emergency assistance under the Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy (DEAP) does not include financial crisis response. As such, the program had to use the standard program grant modality and develop the design of program actions to allow quick processing and disbursement.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Engaging local expertise to undertake the survey and design of works expedites implementation, reduces costs associated with engaging international and national consultants for the purpose, provides the government with continuing access to project-relevant expertise, and builds national capacity for future projects.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date: