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Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Border infrastructure improvement. The benefits of good infrastructure at border crossings can be fully realized only when countries on both sides of a border fund complementary investments and when their border control agencies cooperate. Projects should support the construction and renovation of border-crossing points in a country where investments to upgrade complementary facilities on the other side of the border have been completed or are nearing completion. [Main text, para. 53]

Project Number: 39676-023
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Corridor Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To avoid potential cost overruns during the project implementation period, the engineering design of roads at the project preparation stage should be based on the most reliable traffic forecasts and sufficient geological and climate surveys to enable the preparation of realistic designs without the need to amend them later. Road safety issues should be identified during the project design period in consultation with local communities, and features that enhance road safety, including on sidewalks and at bus shelters, should be adequately reflected in the project design. [Main text, para.

Project Number: 39676-023
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Corridor Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regional project. This project was designed as a regional project including two countries. A joint effect was observed by executing the two countries' projects simultaneously, yet different institutional frameworks and different effective procedures were required in the two countries. Thus, full agreement among stakeholders is necessary in designing future regional projects. [Main text, para. 56]

Project Number: 39676-023
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Corridor Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Road safety and road asset management. Road safety and road asset management components should be included in all future transport projects because they are essential to the sustainability of projects and to their effectiveness. As road safety involves various agencies, the design and implementation arrangements for this component should be based on extensive discussions with all related agencies and policy dialogue with high-level government bodies.

Project Number: 39676-023
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Corridor Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Performance-based maintenance (PBM). Implementing PBM contracts requires sufficient preparation and time for transition. More attention should be given to PBM readiness and to such important factors as allocating proper budgets, developing institutional frameworks, establishing legislation and procedures, recruiting qualified consultants, mitigating negative effects on road maintenance units, and fostering local private contractors. In both countries, the PBM pilot testing was delayed mainly because of the lack of experience and knowledge of the executing agencies.

Project Number: 39676-023
Project Name: CAREC Regional Road Corridor Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A properly designed project can minimize the risk of changes in quantities and scope during implementation and can contribute to timely completion within budget. For this project, the geological nature and conditions were complex and fragile and no detailed study was carried out at appraisal. This caused several changes in the estimation of earthwork needed during implementation and made detailed geological studies in the middle of the process necessary. The entire project design and financing plans were affected.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
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Lesson
The loan and grant were approved together, and the information and education campaign (IEC) activities under the grant were extended to people engaged in civil works financed by the loan. The IEC activities were managed by the health officials trained through the HIV/AIDS and Mitigation Program. Such synergetic (cross-sector) approaches may be applied to future transport projects, considering the worldwide HIV/AIDS prevalence.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Because the project road is now in better condition, vehicles travel faster than before. Existing road safety facilities are insufficient to minimize accidents. Future projects must include a road safety component to ensure that comprehensive road safety arrangements are in place, instead of relying on existing, insufficient facilities.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
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Lesson
More robust due diligence is needed during project design and formulation to enable the closest possible cost estimates and to set aside enough resources to cover contingencies. This can result in considerable time savings. The values of the works contracts were significantly higher than originally estimated. Further, the amounts had to be increased during implementation because of an unprecedented increase in material costs, besides the extra earthwork needed.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34569-013
Project Name: Republic of Tajikistan: Dushanbe-Kyrgyz Border Rehabilitation Project (Phase I)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was the second ADB-financed road project in Tajikistan. Therefore, the Ministry of Transport and Communication (MOTC) and project implementation unit (PIU) need to be familiarized with ADB's policies and procedures. However, the familiarization effort was inadequate. ADB should continue to train MOTC on its policies and procedures and PIU staff for existing and future projects. In addition, frequent changes in ADB project officers caused discontinuity in project administration.

Project Number: 34569-013
Project Name: Dushanbe-Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project (Phase 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance (TA) for preparing the project was inadequate. Project preparatory TA was designed and implemented similarly for all countries in terms of budget, scope, and expertise. However, Tajikistan needs more technical support from ADB, especially in engineering aspects. Due to inadequate engineering survey and design, as well as little involvement of government officials, numerous changes in quantity and methodology were required during implementation.

Project Number: 34569-013
Project Name: Dushanbe-Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project (Phase 1)
Report Date: