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Lesson
A qualification and certification system is critical to ensuring the quality of skills and facilitating labor mobility. Governments in over 100 countries are designing, implementing, or considering national qualification frameworks or are involved with regional qualifications frameworks. The idea is that all qualifications can (and should) be expressed in terms of outcomes. Students can be tested based on their competency and certified accordingly, regardless of their learning pathways. This will help assure employers of the skills of their workers.

Project Number: 25033-013
Project Name: Vocational and Technical Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Linkage with enterprises is important in assisting students find jobs and lowering the burden among training providers. Enterprises are a key beneficiary of skilled labor and hence have direct interest in skills training. Yet, they are often skeptical of the quality of training provided by public vocational and technical education institutions because of the disconnection between the two. Without good relations with employers, schools will find it difficult to provide students with job information or align their training to employers’ needs.

Project Number: 25033-013
Project Name: Vocational and Technical Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An efficient information system is important not only to monitor the progress of the project but also to provide real-time data critical for policy making. The labor market information system was the first attempt of the vocational and technical education system to trace students after graduation and collect systematic information on enterprise demand. However, its complexity made the system costly and unsustainable. A more integrated and less complex system would be useful so that schools can have the resources and capacity to collect information.

Project Number: 25033-013
Project Name: Vocational and Technical Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Risks that may undermine project implementation should be identified and planned to be addressed in advance. For this project, such risks include weak and overlapping management of the vocational and technical education (VTE) system, detachment of training from industry needs, and poor social image of VTE. A streamlined system that is closely linked with the market will help ensure smooth school-to-work transition for students, which could then improve the perception of vocational training.

Project Number: 25033-013
Project Name: Vocational and Technical Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In Viet Nam legislation is often comprehensive but implementation weak. Implementation required close monitoring on an annual basis and ensured continued relevance to the government's reform progress. While the Poverty Reduction Support Credit operations provided financial support for implementing the whole Socioeconomic Development Plan (SEDP), they disbursed against the upfront completion of a number of specific reform measures identified within the SEDP agenda by consultation between partners and the government, led by the World Bank.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) series served as an effective framework for policy dialogue and interactions between the government and donors. The PRSC exercise also served as a common forum for donors to raise concerns with the government and provided the donors with broad access to a large number of ministries and agencies. The role of cofinanciers under the PRSC evolved from providers of financing to partners engaged in policy dialogue and the preparation of operations.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The new series of programmatic development policy lending is taking this broad lesson into account, driven by a new Socioeconomic Development Plan report (2011-2015). Though focused on two of the four pillars of the last Poverty Reduction Support Credit series, policy coordination that reflects linkages in policy areas requires a strong analytical foundation to inform directions and specific decisions.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The breadth of the reform undertaking and linkages among policy actions across sectors called for a comprehensive approach to dialogue and support by development partners. Several development partners withdrew or reduced their development assistance to Viet Nam, in accordance with their aid practices for middle-income countries. The number of cofinanciers peaked at 11 for Poverty Reduction Support Credits (PRSCs) 6 and 7 and has fallen since, with some impact on the total level of financing under the PRSCs.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
A program cluster approach with prior expected actions enveloped by a medium-term framework with flexibility built into its design is an effective approach to supporting government reforms. It promotes continuous dialogue with the government on reforms and allows for program changes to effectively and efficiently respond to new or worsening risks to the economy and shifts in government policy priorities.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The consultant's undertaking preparatory work for phases 1 and 2 were not the same as the construction supervision consultant's for all three phases who were also responsible for preparing Phase 3 subprojects. The construction supervision consultant's thus did not have any responsibility for the design of subprojects under phases 1 and 2. This became an issue after the consultant's that had done the preparatory work for phases 1 and 2 had completed their contract and left Viet Nam.

Project Number: 34356-013
Project Name: Central Region Transport Networks Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A lack of exit planning resulted in no proper plan for continuation of activities and future use of information, education, and communication materials, including websites, interpersonal communication and training materials.

Project Number: 38581-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention among Youth Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was designed to target vulnerable groups, including the poor, women and children, and ethnic minorities. It mainly targeted poor provinces in border areas, including 7 provinces out of 20 with a predominantly ethnic minority population. The project interventions benefited poor women and children, who are more at risk of communicable diseases. However, based on ADB's results framework criteria, the project is rated unsatisfactory for gender equity. It only partially complied with gender and ethnic minority covenants.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Participation in key decisions can have a major impact on the ownership of policies and institutional changes. Once proposed changes to the irrigation management companies and water user groups (WUGs) had been revised to take stakeholder views into account, they were enthusiastically taken up by government agencies, local administrations, and the intended beneficiaries themselves. The degree of ownership for the revamped institutions was tangible during field visits and interviews.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Evaluation of the two nongovernment organization-implemented voluntary counseling and testing services demonstrated that population mapping, coordination between government agencies and the recruitment of suitable peers improved service targeting (particularly vulnerable populations). Setting optimistic testing targets that encouraged broad-brush recruitment of clients adversely affected testing results.

Project Number: 38581-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention among Youth Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The design of capacity building activities needs to be better structured with a model defining how knowledge and skills will be transferred and including pre- and post-training assessments to measure impact. Without a structure, capacity building activities are reduced to the number of persons trained.

Project Number: 33304-013
Project Name: Second Lower Secondary Education Development Project
Report Date: