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Lesson
On the other hand, onlending to domestic enterprises as a stimulus measure presents complex challenges. Adequate and transparent risk and cost benefit assessments, and detailed and individual project evaluation are required. In Viet Nam, projects financed through the onlending mechanism of the fiscal stimulus package included strategic sectors such as ship building, steel, cement, and the aircraft industry, in addition to light manufacturing (textiles, ceramics, etc.).

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Nonrevenue water (NRW) reduction indicators need to be versified. Expressing the NRW levels in liters lost per connection per day, demonstrates a large variation in results. The best performing systems in terms of NRW ratios--NRW reduction targets are defined as the ratio of unbilled production versus total input capacity in m3/day--are not necessarily the lowest in absolute terms. To get a fundamental idea on actual performance, NRW results should at least be reported in ratios and absolute terms.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
However, the government should give consideration to the development of automatic macroeconomic stabilizers that provide an adequate social safety net. The macroeconomic instruments available to stimulate domestic demand were somewhat limited. As in other developing economies, Viet Nam lacks the kind of macroeconomic stabilizers such as unemployment and social security benefits that are triggered instantly as economic conditions worsen. The options used for the fiscal stimulus package included a range of instruments with varying potential for economic stimulus.

Project Number: 43315-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Better information and knowledge management is needed within ADB. This evaluation was constrained by the limited availability of consultant reports. An effective information and knowledge management system should be in place to ensure that TA outputs are properly stored within ADB, and can be easily retrieved.

Project Number: 32437-013
Project Name: Restructuring of Specialized Financial Institutions
Report Date:
Lesson
Terms of reference must be adjusted in case of change in policy direction. The change in policy direction under the renewed political leadership resulted in some adjustments of priorities on the activities and outputs under the project. However, the terms of reference of the concerned TA grant (component 1) were not adjusted accordingly. By formally adjusting the terms of reference, the consulting team may have caught up in a better manner with the clients’ changing needs, and perhaps clarified some of the issues causing the subsequent pretermination.

Project Number: 32437-013
Project Name: Restructuring of Specialized Financial Institutions
Report Date:
Lesson
A mechanism is needed to coordinate activities across project or technical assistance components. The absence of an explicit mechanism to coordinate activities across TA components and parts constrained the project implementation. A complex project with overlapping responsibilities across components, such as the project, needs an effective coordination mechanism.

Project Number: 32437-013
Project Name: Restructuring of Specialized Financial Institutions
Report Date:
Lesson
Baseline and quantitative performance indicators are required in the technical assistance framework. The lack of baseline and quantitative performance indicators affected the measurement of results and management of the project. It is imperative for a project appraisal team to identify suitable indicators during appraisal.

Project Number: 32437-013
Project Name: Restructuring of Specialized Financial Institutions
Report Date:
Lesson
The scope of financial and portfolio audit must be agreed at appraisal. Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives’ post-project achievements underscore the importance of financial and portfolio audits as the basis for restructuring and operational planning. The scope of such important yet sensitive undertakings should be discussed in detail with the concerned agencies during appraisal.

Project Number: 32437-013
Project Name: Restructuring of Specialized Financial Institutions
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough information gap analysis is needed at entry. The project appraisal team expected the project consultants to identify information and analytical gaps, and the specific needs of beneficiary institutions at the inception stage of TA implementation. Such a preparatory study should have been undertaken during the processing and appraisal stages.

Project Number: 32437-013
Project Name: Restructuring of Specialized Financial Institutions
Report Date:
Lesson
The bid value of the project consultant was found to be at lower side. Road design should have been the sole responsibility of the project consultant and he should not have been subcontracted and fully passed the task on to a less experienced and capable provincial consulting firms with low subcontract value. This resulted in poor quality of surveys and detailed design works and a need to correct the design during implementation but also in substandard designs at certain locations.

Project Number: 31367-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent ADB missions throughout the implementation period, particularly visits to provinces, had a positive effect and facilitated timely decision making.

Project Number: 31367-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The executing and implementing agencies believed that implementation of the EMDP should not have been their responsibility, was outside their area of expertise, and interfered with project implementation. They said that it should have been carried out through other more suitable agencies, such provincial committees on ethnic minorities or women's unions.

Project Number: 31367-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Repackaging the road contracts to make them larger and more financially attractive to bidders was successful and made contract management easier for the provinces.

Project Number: 31367-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The division of projects into many phases consumes additional time and resources and causes delays in project implementation.

Project Number: 31367-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project encouraged the involvement of small contractors but they lacked resources and expertise and their participation should not have come at a cost in quality and delays. While their involvement in construction was required because they were familiar with local conditions, they needed proper technical and financial support.

Project Number: 31367-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Sector Project
Report Date: