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Lesson
Through its compliance with the agreed Microfinance Development Program (MDP) policy actions, the government made remarkable progress during 2008-2014 in creating a conducive policy and regulatory environment for developing inclusive and sustainable microfinance. Despite this, the issuing of implementing rules and regulations (IRRs) related to the licensing requirements for microfinance institutions (MFIs) is still pending. The government attributes the delay to its desire to await a Prime Minister Decision on unlicensed microfinance operations.

Project Number: 42235-013, 42235-023
Project Name: Microfinance Development Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Executing agencies' recruitment of consultants remains time-consuming and was the main reason for start-up delays. This problem is not specific to the project but is common in all ADB-financed projects in Viet Nam. Delays in recruiting consultants result in delay of such project activities as detailed design, resettlement planning, environmental management planning, and preparing bidding documents.

Project Number: 30286-013
Project Name: Central Region Small and Medium Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should have foreseen the risk of a new entity, the National Power Transmission Corporation, which was significantly different from the designated implementing and executing agencies, and that this could possibly interfere in project implementation arrangements. At design, such risk should have been mitigated through appropriate loan and/or finance agreement clauses.

Project Number: 32273-013
Project Name: Northern Power Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to ensure that laws and regulations produced are implemented to yield desired outcomes.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, and 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
A key benefit of continuing engagement and dialogue is the expanded trust between development partners and government, which reduces transaction costs on both sides.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
A program cluster approach with prior expected actions enveloped by a medium-term framework with flexibility built into its design is an effective approach to supporting government reforms. It promotes continuous dialogue with the government on reforms and allows for program changes to effectively and efficiently respond to new or worsening risks to the economy and shifts in government policy priorities.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
In Viet Nam legislation is often comprehensive but implementation weak. Implementation required close monitoring on an annual basis and ensured continued relevance to the government's reform progress. While the Poverty Reduction Support Credit operations provided financial support for implementing the whole Socioeconomic Development Plan (SEDP), they disbursed against the upfront completion of a number of specific reform measures identified within the SEDP agenda by consultation between partners and the government, led by the World Bank.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) series served as an effective framework for policy dialogue and interactions between the government and donors. The PRSC exercise also served as a common forum for donors to raise concerns with the government and provided the donors with broad access to a large number of ministries and agencies. The role of cofinanciers under the PRSC evolved from providers of financing to partners engaged in policy dialogue and the preparation of operations.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The new series of programmatic development policy lending is taking this broad lesson into account, driven by a new Socioeconomic Development Plan report (2011-2015). Though focused on two of the four pillars of the last Poverty Reduction Support Credit series, policy coordination that reflects linkages in policy areas requires a strong analytical foundation to inform directions and specific decisions.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The breadth of the reform undertaking and linkages among policy actions across sectors called for a comprehensive approach to dialogue and support by development partners. Several development partners withdrew or reduced their development assistance to Viet Nam, in accordance with their aid practices for middle-income countries. The number of cofinanciers peaked at 11 for Poverty Reduction Support Credits (PRSCs) 6 and 7 and has fallen since, with some impact on the total level of financing under the PRSCs.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
One significant additional lesson is the importance of monitoring the results of reform programs even after the financial closure of the program, ensuring that the government and its various implementing agencies develop a strong sense of ownership for the reform initiatives. As pointed out in para. 19, these types of SME reform measures would usually take much longer time to achieve real outcomes on the ground.

Project Number: 34344 -013, 38335-013
Project Name: Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Program Cluster (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The transmission and substation subprojects that had not been appraised prior to loan presentation took longer to process than planned and call into question the justification for the sector loan approach. All but one subproject had been identified during implementation, and problems that could have been tackled prior to approval led to significant delays and increased administrative effort during project implementation.

Project Number: 32273-013
Project Name: Northern Power Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should not approve funding for projects without independent evaluation and diligent review. ADB's appraisal of Component B of the project was inadequate. This oversight eventually delayed loan closing and caused the underutilization of the ADB loan.

Project Number: 32273-013
Project Name: Northern Power Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The parallel cofinancing of part A with Agence Franc?aise de De?veloppement (AFD) worked well. The underlying reason was AFD acceptance of ADB rules and procedures for equipment procurement, which enabled consistent processing of ADB and AFD procurement packages. The leveraging of ADB's participation greatly assisted completion of the national power sector development program and the arrangements could be used in similar circumstances elsewhere.

Project Number: 32273-013
Project Name: Northern Power Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The delegation of loan administration to the Viet Nam Resident Mission improved ADB's ability to monitor project progress by allowing for more regular and informal meetings with project management staff in order to obtain information firsthand, rather than relying on quarterly reports, which were sometimes late and/or inadequate.

Project Number: 32273-013
Project Name: Northern Power Transmission Sector Project
Report Date: