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Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for extra effort focused on project preparation, especially in conducting sufficient assessment of the prospects for strategy and policy harmonization in areas that could potentially gain from collective action and regional cooperation.

Project Number: 37449-013
Project Name: Pacific Region: Establishment of the Pacific Aviation Safety Office Project
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Lesson
Support to HIV/AIDs should have been considered relative to other health issues in the Pacific. At the time of project design it would have been interesting to know what the main causes of death in the Pacific were, and where AIDS stood in relation to these.

Project Number: 38599-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Capacity Development in the Pacific
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Lesson
Given that multiple streams of funding for HIV/AIDS were already available, it may have been more efficient for ADB to work in partnership with another donor who had more experience and technical expertise in HIV/AIDS.

Project Number: 38599-022
Project Name: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Capacity Development in the Pacific
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Lesson
The program included innovations that were new to Bhutan, so qualified local consultants were not available. Yet it was difficult to find foreign consultants who understood the Bhutanese context. The design and monitoring framework did identify �lack of qualified staff� as a risk. For future programs, however, ADB should further refine this risk to capture the tension between external expertise and local knowledge.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There was strong continuity between ADB's earlier support to establish a credit information bureau and this project's support for a central registry. There are natural synergies between the two initiatives that increase the effectiveness and sustainability of each.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementing agency should have been more involved in program design. The Ministry of Economic Affairs' Planning and Policy Division developed the program, but the Department of Cottage and Small Industry (DCSI) was responsible for implementation. The DCSI thought that some components could have been designed differently to improve their impact (e.g., the cost-sharing facility).

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project had a much broader reach than merely providing credit to Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). It invested in their capacities and enabling environment (e.g., the cost-sharing facility, a coordinated government MSME policy, the collateral registry) so that banks could provide and MSMEs could employ credit more efficiently. This broader reach is especially important in frontier markets where these supporting elements are generally less developed.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
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Lesson
The tranche release criteria were clearly defined. They provided an impetus to achieve tangible objectives that motivated the involved agencies.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Instead of three tranches of $2 million, a better design might have been two tranches of $3 million. Regardless of the size, securing a tranche release has certain fixed administrative costs. If the tranches are small, these costs are proportionally higher and diminish the incentives to implement the preconditions for tranche release.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
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Lesson
Under the Financial Sector Development Program, the development and approval of key financial sector legislation was an important contribution to sector development. While the delays were inevitable, closer, longterm, in-country dialogue with the government would have been beneficial. This dialogue and close program monitoring will be enhanced by the establishment of a resident mission in Bhutan. ADB has been a long-standing partner of Bhutan's financial sector development since the beginning.

Project Number: 37164-023
Project Name: Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Although delayed, the Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise policy paper made effective use of consultations. Several white papers preceded it, and they solicited broad feedback that produced a strong final product. In addition, the paper included a tangible strategy and action plan that gives the Department of Cottage and Small Industry a clear work program.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date: