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Lesson
The transition of PWWs into independent corporate entities requires adequate preparation to ensure they have the capacity, technical and financial management skills, and resources for viability and sustainability. To support this transition, the PMU adopted a phased and practical approach, implementing vital actions with training and technical support. The PWWs developed business planning and financial reporting systems and adopted supervisory control and data acquisition systems. The PMU has identified the first PWWs that are considered ready for the next step as a corporate entity.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term engagement establishes understanding and trust, which are vital for any reform program to succeed but indispensable for the finance sector, where policy actions such as those relating to interest rates or foreign exchange may involve significant externalities. A new program dedicated to financial sector reform is not in the offing, but this lag provides ADB an opportunity to re-enter the sector and focus on targeted subsectors such as financial inclusion and capital markets.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The transformative policy, institutional reforms, and student- and teacher-centered approaches are key to the progressive improvement of the upper secondary education (USE) subsector in Cambodia. The dropout rate of 8.0% among science scholarship recipients was low compared with the national average of 18.5% in USE, and science stream students performed better in the grade 12 exam in terms of higher scores compared to their peers in the social science stream.

Project Number: 47136-003
Project Name: Upper Secondary Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There are strong potential welfare gains to smallholder farmers and their communities by improving access to clean energy and learning the practices and mechanisms of climate-friendly agriculture developed and encouraged by this TA. This scaling-up potential to an ever-wider diversity and number of stakeholders can be a next logical step, and require s careful consideration how the maximum number of people can be reached with the best efficacy; that is, through a combination of public, private, donor, and other resource means.

Project Number: 39542-022
Project Name: Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on further information provided by ERCD, understanding the additional costs (beyond external review fees) would help in identifying the reasons why there was no second-round issuance (which affects reputation if green status is lost) even though issuers have already invested heavily to establish proper internal system to monitor use of proceeds and provide post-issuance reporting.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
The way the lesson was formulated in the TCR could be improved (it is stated more like an issue rather than lesson learned). But lessons can be inferred that addressing reputational risk and additional costs for meeting green bonds requirements, ensuring a certain level of market maturity, and establishing clear regulations by market regulators are necessary conditions to the successful attainment of the TA objectives.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+3
Report Date:
Lesson
Furthermore, clear regulatory guidance from relevant market regulators are seen as key to promote sustainable finance in ASEAN+3.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+4
Report Date:
Lesson
They also identified a lack of local currency green bond issues and the absence of investors with responsible investment mandates as reasons for the immaturity of green bond markets.

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+4
Report Date:
Lesson
There are concerns on the additional costs associated with green bond issuances, as well as reputational risk if their bonds lose their green status

Project Number: 50057-001
Project Name: Promoting Green Local Currency-Denominated Bonds for Infrastructure Development in ASEAN+4
Report Date:
Lesson
Prospects for further cooperation between subnational governments and the private sector in agri-food value chains must be harnessed.

Project Number: 39542-022
Project Name: Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
There is clear potential for application of the PGS as a mechanism for food safety accreditation of organically produced agriculture products in GMS countries.

Project Number: 39542-022
Project Name: Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a strong need for additional investments in GMS countries to produce SEAP in response to a growing demand from a rising number of GMS and non-GMS consumers.

Project Number: 39542-022
Project Name: Implementing the Greater Mekong Subregion Core Agriculture Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date: