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Lesson
The government's approval process and processing time should have been carefully assessed during project preparation and reflected in the project schedule.

Project Number: 33165-013
Project Name: Yellow River Flood Management (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Training crucial to sustainability. A well-designed, well-executed capacity development program assures that a project will be sustainable and can be replicated. The sound planning of this project's training programs was one of the keys to its success. The training combined courses on biogas systems and agricultural production, giving farmers an opportunity to use new technology, knowledge, and ideas to improve their incomes and living standards. It was also broad and flexible, allowing the family members who are often the final users of the biogas to take part.

Project Number: 33443-013
Project Name: Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Wastes Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As democratization develops in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and individual autonomy increases, the formulation and implementation of projects that require voluntary resettlement, such as the village flood protection component under this project, need careful consideration.

Project Number: 33165-013
Project Name: Yellow River Flood Management (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sludge treatment. Proper handling of sludge has been an issue for most wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operating in the People's Republic of China (PRC) since traditional landfill options have become problematic. The government and WWTPs must find alternative solutions for sludge treatment. More sustainable sludge treatment methodologies may need to be considered during project preparation. Tangshan and Baoding are piloting the composting of sludge for fertilizer; however, this solution may not be sustainable without clear safety measures, due to increasing health concerns.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisitions and resettlement. Most of the compensation rates for resettlement were higher than those in the resettlement plans. However, according to the data provided by each municipal sewerage company (MSC), the total resettlement costs for permanent land acquisition, temporary land use, building demolition, and associated items on the ground were lower than those estimated in the resettlement plan.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reclaimed water development. The government has not recognized the tariff issues related to recycled water, although 30% of treated wastewater is being recycled as of 30 June 2010. The government needs to streamline the tariff system for recycled water, including tariff setup, charging standards, and collection mechanisms.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sewer construction. For the Tangshan component, construction of a fully functioning sewer system should have been adequately addressed during the planning stage. The construction delay had a negative impact on the project. Technical preparation needs to be enhanced, as does overall coordination of project implementation among government agencies.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The cost estimate of the toll system was overestimated at appraisal, and the actual cost was about one-third the appraisal estimate. The main reasons for this difference include (i) the network-based toll system arrangement resulted in cancellation of unnecessary equipment; and (ii) the cost estimate was made in 2000 and procurement was conducted in 2004, during which time the availability of more advanced information technologies contributed to a lower and more competitive actual cost.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Bidding of expressway civil works took place in early 2002 and the government approved the detailed design in mid-2002. Thus, among other factors, bidding which was not based on detailed design resulted in some significant variations for large structures with complicated geotechnical situations. Based on this experience and similar experience in other road projects, it would be appropriate to conduct in-depth detailed geotechnical investigations before finalizing bidding documents.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The impacts of land acquisition and resettlement were not well estimated in the resettlement plan, which led to a 30% increase in the amount of land acquisition and a 187% increase in house demolition area. This was mainly due to impacts induced by connection roads and service stations, as well as temporary buildings that had not been included in the resettlement plan. The project was processed in early 2000, but updating the resettlement plan has since been made a standard requirement stipulated in loan covenants.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The inclusion of 70 additional local roads for improvement was proposed and approved during the later stages of the original project implementation. Local road improvement has produced very positive impacts. However, it led to loan extensions of about 3 years. An integrated approach to combining improvement of local roads and the project expressway during project processing would ensure a more effective and efficient outcome.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During the project preparation stage, it was anticipated that the project expressway would generate significant local socioeconomic development impacts. The expressway served not only as an important section of the transport corridor, but also as a vital link between Weinan and Xi'an and other neighboring regions. With growing traffic volume, it was observed that toll collection capacities at some exits were limited, which periodically caused long queues.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date: