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Lesson
A two-pronged approach focusing on developing institutions and training is needed to strengthen agencies. Various trainings were given to the executing and implementing agencies in water supply and wastewater treatment operations. Aside from training, emphasis on developing the institutions, such as review of the overall organization structures and terms of reference of management and staff, would be helpful in further strengthening the EA and IAs.

Project Number: 31190-013
Project Name: Tianjin Wastewater Treatment and Water Resources Protection Project [Loan 1797-PRC]
Report Date:
Lesson
Complementarity of projects and donor coordination would improve operational efficiency. Sewerage construction needs to be fully addressed in the early stage of the project, particularly as it affects the implementation of wastewater treatment operations. Further to this, when the two are implemented by different funding institutions, the need for inter-donor coordination is essential to ensure that project operations and targeted completion are not compromised.

Project Number: 31190-013
Project Name: Tianjin Wastewater Treatment and Water Resources Protection Project [Loan 1797-PRC]
Report Date:
Lesson
Receptiveness for gender development is context specific. During appraisal, one of the benefits identified from the project was to provide employment opportunities to women through the All-China Women’s Federation. At the project’s completion, it was mentioned that women were employed as laborers during construction, and some were given permanent jobs in the IAs. Moreover, there were training opportunities given for skills enhancement. Given the focus on the growing role of women in development, gender equality is inevitably mentioned in ADB projects.

Project Number: 31190-013
Project Name: Tianjin Wastewater Treatment and Water Resources Protection Project [Loan 1797-PRC]
Report Date:
Lesson
Bringing in private sector experience yields efficiency. The eventual full participation of Tianjin Capital Environmental Protection Company (TCEPC) in component A was a good demonstration of private sector participation, particularly in bringing about the required expertise in running a wastewater treatment plant. Aside from the Beicang wastewater treatment plant, TCEPC is also responsible for the operations of three other large-scale wastewater treatment plants in Tianjin.

Project Number: 31190-013
Project Name: Tianjin Wastewater Treatment and Water Resources Protection Project [Loan 1797-PRC]
Report Date:
Lesson
Involving communities in environmental improvements increases their sustainability. The Yuqiao Reservoir subcomponent involved environment improvements to 68 villages. For such community-based subcomponents, community participation and self-management are effective gateways into sustainable implementation and operation. For similar projects, a community participation and self-management booklet should be prepared by villagers under the guidance of the social specialist at the project preparatory or implementation stage.

Project Number: 31190-013
Project Name: Tianjin Wastewater Treatment and Water Resources Protection Project [Loan 1797-PRC]
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate consultation and better communication with affected people for projects experiencing resettlement issues can reduce implementation delays. Historically, resettlement implemented for the Yuqiao Reservoir occurred in three phases: 1960–1967, 1973, and 1979–1982. It was complex. Delays in the implementation of the resettlement subcomponent of this project could have been mitigated if lessons from the past have been taken into account.

Project Number: 31190-013
Project Name: Tianjin Wastewater Treatment and Water Resources Protection Project [Loan 1797-PRC]
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisitions and resettlement. Most of the compensation rates for resettlement were higher than those in the resettlement plans. However, according to the data provided by each municipal sewerage company (MSC), the total resettlement costs for permanent land acquisition, temporary land use, building demolition, and associated items on the ground were lower than those estimated in the resettlement plan.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reclaimed water development. The government has not recognized the tariff issues related to recycled water, although 30% of treated wastewater is being recycled as of 30 June 2010. The government needs to streamline the tariff system for recycled water, including tariff setup, charging standards, and collection mechanisms.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sewer construction. For the Tangshan component, construction of a fully functioning sewer system should have been adequately addressed during the planning stage. The construction delay had a negative impact on the project. Technical preparation needs to be enhanced, as does overall coordination of project implementation among government agencies.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sludge treatment. Proper handling of sludge has been an issue for most wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operating in the People's Republic of China (PRC) since traditional landfill options have become problematic. The government and WWTPs must find alternative solutions for sludge treatment. More sustainable sludge treatment methodologies may need to be considered during project preparation. Tangshan and Baoding are piloting the composting of sludge for fertilizer; however, this solution may not be sustainable without clear safety measures, due to increasing health concerns.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Certain lessons have already been incorporated in The Southeast Gobi project, which was approved in April 2010. In contrast with L1907, aimags have primary responsibility for the design and construction of infrastructure, including procurement and oversight of construction supervision. Design and build contracts aim to avoid technical problems at the design stage and shorten the period required for completion of works.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measurement of sector performance and progress in achieving urban economic development and improved service provision, including in those areas specifically related to the Millennium Development Goals and the National Development Strategy, is compromised by an absence of disaggregated data and a lack of clear and measurable indicators. The project did not include monitoring of a set of clear indicators for which data is available or can be readily obtained.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons learned indicate the need for (i) detailed project formulation during the project preparatory stage, (ii) adoption of simple and affordable technologies in construction and facility improvements, and (iii) parallel provision of institutional development and training during project implementation. It is vital that relevant institutions and beneficiaries at the local level are fully involved in all stages of project preparation, design and construction.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The issue of tariffs is complicated by (i) the high cost of servicing in some areas, particularly the ger area settlements; and (ii) the government's willingness to subsidize service tariffs. The project supported a dialogue between ADB and the government around urban service reform, tariff issues, the application and targeting of government subsidies, and the development of more transparent, efficient and equitable mechanisms for directing such subsidies in public services.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project had only limited, uneven success in raising tariffs, resulting in underfunding of operation and maintenance (O&M). This raises the need for wider institutional and policy reform. The support of ADB and other development partners has focused on helping the government to rebuild assets but has placed less emphasis on building the institutions and systems required to ensure these assets are maintained and used efficiently.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
Report Date: