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Lesson
The governance of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Tonga needs strengthening.

Project Number: 44172-022
Project Name: Tonga-Fiji Submarine Cable Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capture and utilization of lessons from completed projects are vital to enhancing efforts to develop the ICT sector of Tonga and other Pacific island countries.

Project Number: 44172-022
Project Name: Tonga-Fiji Submarine Cable Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Gaining the support of key stakeholders, particularly the private sector, is vital to the success of reform measures to revitalize the traditional arts and crafts sector.

Project Number: 42151-013
Project Name: Khadi Reform and Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A lesser set of tranche conditions, achievable in the short and medium term, could be a more efficient approach in reforming nonfarm production sectors that are highly volatile and dependent on consumer choices.

Project Number: 42151-013
Project Name: Khadi Reform and Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A focused design, with few policy conditions, strengthens the effectiveness of policy-based reform programs.

Project Number: 42151-013
Project Name: Khadi Reform and Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is essential to carefully study and consider less socially and environmentally disruptive options in investment decision making in hydropower. Possible alternatives in future cases, for example, could include river offtake, run of the river, small decentralized hydro systems, and backup from solar and wind power. The choice should be made through a participatory assessment that gives the same weight to social and environmental dimensions as to technical and economic aspects.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Biodiversity conservation in the context of hydropower projects requires an approach whereby “conservation forest” is balanced with “production forest” as a source of income for affected people. To date, ADB, the World Bank, and international organizations consider many of the village forest activities as failures (e.g., trees are being cut down to the roots) with government advisors having little understanding of forestry practices in relation to biodiversity conservation and sustainable practice.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly prescriptive approaches limit the scope for adaptive management of livelihood restoration programs for project-affected people. Clear recognition of the many risks associated with implementing a complex project in partnership with a relatively inexperienced and limited-capacity government led to a concerted effort to “get everything right,” as it were, before the project even started. That is reflected in the negotiation of a comprehensive and highly detailed concession agreement, a 1,362-page legal document.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to avoid overly ambitious objectives in project design. The enhancement of biodiversity conservation in NNT-NPA was an overly ambitious objective. The area to be protected involved the entire watershed and an area downstream. Its size challenged the capability and capacity of a number of agencies to plan, implement, and sustain conservation requirements.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A large, complex development project requires a commensurate and substantive long-term commitment. The exceptionally long preparation and implementation periods (2003–2019) were essential to provide sufficient time for analysis, appraisal, and supervision of a complex project and ensure an eventually successful outcome in a high-risk context.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Quality project sponsors are essential for success, but their limitations and country capacity constraints also need to be considered. The selection of a well-qualified developer as the primary equity holder in the NTPC consortium appears to have played a major role in the efficient construction and operation of the dam and power facilities with very modest cost and time overruns.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
IFI collaboration can yield a major developmental contribution with a high-risk project in a limited-capacity country. The close and effective collaboration of ADB, the World Bank, and other IFIs from an early stage provided the necessary confidence for the private sector to undertake a pioneering, complex, and large-scale project in a limited-capacity country. Although the total IFI loans and guarantees were modest in scale, the independent evaluation team established that they had been a necessary requirement for the international dollar financiers to extend loans to NTPC.

Project Number: 37734-013, 37910-014
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion - Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timing is essential in the successful implementation of reforms.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued monitoring of the non-tranche policy actions of reform programs is critical to ensuring that these actions are completed on time.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Careful examination of absorptive capacity is vital to ensuring that ADB loans are fully utilized and therefore are as beneficial as possible.

Project Number: 44060-025
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program - Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date: