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Lesson
There needs to be a balance between flexibility and achievement of results. A program cluster modality has in-built flexibility, particularly when designing indicative actions such as for subprogram 2. However, this flexibility is not a carte blanche for changes and should not be used to substitute uncompleted reforms just because they are difficult to implement. When making revisions or substituting policy actions, a careful assessment should be made as to how these revisions or substitutions will affect the achievement of outputs and ultimately the outcome of the program.

Project Number: 37577-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
Program loans should be focused and consist of targeted high impact policy actions in a few selected areas, which cumulatively lead to the desired outcome. This will increase government ownership of the program and thus avoid delays in implementation of the reforms. [Main text, para. 43(vi)]

Project Number: 37577-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB and the government need to recognize that financial sector reforms are complex, have a medium- to long-term gestation period, and require proper sequencing that follows a step-by-step approach. This is especially important when new institutions, legal and regulatory frameworks, or standards are being introduced. Such a focused and phased approach may better accommodate capacity constraints, avoid delays, and enable a more accurate measurement of outcome and impact. [Main text, para. 43(v)]

Project Number: 37577-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the challenges of coordination in Viet Nam and the financial sector generally, when a policy action requires coordination between two or more agencies, ADB and the government must first ensure that the coordination mechanism and institutional infrastructure have been established and areworking as envisioned. In the initial stage, ADB staff, including those from the Resident Mission, should participate in meetings and discussions. This is to prevent the existence of a coordination mechanism only on paper. [Main text, para. 43(iv)]

Project Number: 37577-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
These indicators should be linked to the policy matrix, as reforms should contribute to the achievement of these indicators. When a particular reform is delayed, then additional technical assistance resources will need to be provided to address the problem.

Project Number: 37577-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
The design and monitoring framework should consist of indicators agreed between ADB and the government from the outset. These indicators should either already be present in the government's strategy or blueprint or, if they are not, then they should be included and approved by the highest level of authority of a particular organization. This would strengthen government ownership and accountability. These indicators then should be measured by both ADB and the government at the end of each year of the program.

Project Number: 37577-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of a program's success should be based on quantitative indicators and tangible results rather than whether policy actions have been met. While approval of legislation and regulations can be considered a reform in the initial phase of a program, particularly subprogram 1, subsequent programs should assess the result of the implementation of the legislation and regulations.

Project Number: 37577-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
For reform actions meant to assist or to protect vulnerable groups, a deeper analysis on the program design needs to be undertaken, rather than focusing on maintaining or enlarging certain budgetary allocations.

Project Number: 43152-012
Project Name: Economic Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Future programs should exercise closer scrutiny to ensure that outcome indicators are available and accessible.

Project Number: 43152-012
Project Name: Economic Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 35289-013
Project Name: Sanjiang Plain Wetlands Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 33249-013
Project Name: North East Coastal Community Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
5. Given the short time frames for EALs, longer-term rehabilitation activities should be mainstreamed in future country operational plans with corresponding alternative funding mechanisms explored.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
4. ADB supported rehabilitation efforts have to be synchronized with those of other donors and humanitarian relief organizations with vast experiences in disaster relief and mitigation to ensure timely delivery, quality, and immediate impact.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
3. Rehabilitating damaged infrastructure and facilities often take a long time, and sometimes require redesign to be sustainable.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
2. Projects for emergency assistance loan (EAL) consideration should be selected more carefully.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date: