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Lesson
Finally, the DMF (design and monitoring framework) indicators were not appropriate to assess the overall effectiveness of ADB's intervention. The performance indicators should have been more accurate, better defined, and aligned with the stated impact and outcome. The indicators also did not measure improvements in the loan maturity for SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) loans in the PFIs' (participating financial institutions) portfolio, which was considered relevant for development impact.

Project Number: 44060-023
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The overall objective of supporting SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) medium-term lending was only partially achieved. A key success factor lies in the selection of PFIs (participating financial institutions), which should be sustainable finance providers. The development of SME portfolios requires not only exceptional liquidity support at a time of liquidity squeezes, but also a strategic commitment and adequate capacity and technical expertise of PFI staff and their SME clients.

Project Number: 44060-023
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Up-front disbursement to the PFIs (participating financial institutions) of the entire loan amount was required by the funding mechanism used for the tranche. While this helped avoid problems in the financing of subprojects, it also limited the option to reward better-performing PFIs. In this case, the only available incentive mechanism was participation in future tranches under the MFF (multitranche financing facility).

Project Number: 44060-023
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Damu charged a uniform margin to all PFIs (participating financial institutions). In line with the government's intention that Damu function effectively on a self-sufficient basis, Damu should have priced its loans to PFIs according to risk. This intention was limited both by the project's design and by Damu's capacity. A minor change in the MFF (multitranche financing facility) has given Damu the flexibility to charge market-based margins to improve its sustainability and reward better-performing PFIs.

Project Number: 44060-023
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The project experienced disbursement delays to SME (small and medium-sized enterprise) sub-borrowers, partly due to safeguard requirements. Significant support from the project team was required and signaled the need for PFIs to adopt a minimal ESMS (environment and social management system) to be able to meet categorization requirements. It also showed the importance of continuous dialogue, awareness raising, and capacity building, crucial to making safeguards an important consideration in the credit decision-making process and to the sustainability of the results.

Project Number: 44060-023
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial management. Based on observations of financial auditors, ADB recommended MPRDC (Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation) to strengthen internal audit system with regard to nature and scope of verification, timely preparation of audit reports, and to improve fund management. These measures together with regular and robust assessment of financial sustainability would facilitate better financial management.

Project Number: 37328-013
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Sector Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Performance of contractors. Despite reiterated requests and financial support from MPRDC (Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation), one civil works contractor continued to perform poorly and the contract had to be terminated. Incorporating additional evaluation criteria in the bidding document on past poor performance or terminated or abandoned contracts would facilitate identification of such contractors in future procurement activities.

Project Number: 37328-013
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Sector Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation delay. The project implementation initially experienced delays mainly due to slow mobilization by the civil works contractors, even though the pre-construction activities were carried out in a timely fashion by MPRDC (Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation). Subsequently, the termination of a poorly performing contractor and procurement of a new contractor for completing the balance of works, and the addition of three new subprojects in 2009 - 2010 further affected the implementation schedule.

Project Number: 37328-013
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Sector Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Performance of the contractors. During implementation, significant delays in mobilization and completion of contracts were caused by weak capacity and poor performance of some contractors. For future projects, the criteria for qualification of contractors and for the award of multiple contracts should be strengthened. The contractual provisions related to contractor performance, such as mobilization, staffing, and deployment of equipment and funds, need to be strengthened so that poor performance by contractors is discouraged.

Project Number: 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Underestimation of costs. The project encountered a significant cost overrun due to underestimation of costs at the time of processing of the original loan. To enable quality completion of the project, ADB approved a supplementary loan and the government provided additional counterpart funds.

Project Number: 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project may be able to secure the involvement of larger processors and traders by making large financial contributions to their business plans, as smaller contributions are not helpful.

Project Number: 34308-022
Project Name: Commercial Agriculture Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Women and disadvantaged groups often do not have enough time to participate fully in project implementation and capacity development activities and thus benefit from the project. Designing the project to include targeted interventions such as intense mobilization, training, and the facilitation of access to finance, extension services, and inputs optimizes the possibility of visible improvements to their livelihoods.

Project Number: 34308-022
Project Name: Commercial Agriculture Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enterprises operated by farmer groups, especially those composed of women, the poor, and disadvantaged people, should be provided with refresher skills training, access to finance, follow-up services, and ways to maintain market links to sustain operations and benefits. The provision of land lease financing serves as a good way to reach poor and landless families by helping them access productive resources and benefit from commercial agriculture.

Project Number: 34308-022
Project Name: Commercial Agriculture Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The timely design and execution of a results-based monitoring system is an important means of collecting and reporting project outputs and outcomes in a disaggregated way during project implementation, and carrying out an objective impact evaluation upon completion.

Project Number: 34308-022
Project Name: Commercial Agriculture Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Designing the project with mechanisms for communication and coordination between existing government institutions in project districts and project management structures can facilitate smooth project implementation and monitoring. This also ensures that sector offices will provide beneficiaries with follow-up services after project completion.

Project Number: 34308-022
Project Name: Commercial Agriculture Development Project
Report Date: