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Lesson
Sector project implementation challenge. This sector project with 35 subprojects presented an implementation challenge, particularly for land acquisition and resettlement. This included the difficulties of preparing the resettlement plans of 27 noncore subprojects during project implementation and ensuring external monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

Project Number: 37641-013
Project Name: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical assistance is usually expected in order to assist the borrower and theexecuting agency to achieve the program’s policy requirements. On the other hand, having theleverage of a relatively large amount of grant or loan funding can often provide an incentive forgovernments to institute policy measures on a timely basis when they might otherwise bedelayed or avoided due to internal resistance or inertia.

Project Number: 46371-001
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for periodic review of investment ceilings, supply and buying contracts as well as the required membership fees. This would ascertain the risks and sustainability of the members’ commitment to the CAA. When funding permits, outsourcing of engineering services for infrastructure subprojects should also be considered.

Project Number: 34308-022
Project Name: Commercial Agriculture Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of baseline data should be given high priority. Efforts could have been exerted to ensure that baseline data were established during appraisal stage. Without measurable baseline values set up at appraisal stage, meaningful indicators should be carefully formulated to allow continuous monitoring for updates throughout project implementation. The project’s independent evaluation was hampered by the absence of these baseline indicators.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A partnership between customs and the private sector should be a major thrust of a customs modernization project. Extra effort must be devoted to ensure proactive engagement with the private sector, particularly with the trading community. This could help ensure buy-in, improve the user-friendliness of the IT system, and facilitate public–private partnership in customs administration.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The fast-changing nature of the IT environment requires that a project’s IT infrastructure (e.g., operating systems, core data processing applications, network, and telecommunications technologies) have enough flexibility in terms of compatibility, connectivity, and modularity to integrate with technology development. Hence, a customs modernization project must be planned so as to take into account the possible obsolescence of IT infrastructure in a shorter time period after a project’s completion than originally envisaged.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A customs modernization project, aimed at reducing corruption, needs a holistic approach that combines technical, policy, and capacity-building elements. In this case, it is an integration of three interrelated components: (i) IT infrastructure, (ii) laws and procedures, and (iii) coordination among concerned agencies. The IT infrastructure is important in reducing direct, face-to-face interactions that provide opportunities for corruption. Customs laws and procedures, in line with international standards, could provide the institutional framework for a modernized business environment.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate due diligence needs to be undertaken to ensure that all participating commercial bank (PCBs) are financially sound. In addition to providing a credit line and capacity building through a TA project, policy dialogues should also be mainstreamed into the project to make the effort comprehensive and to sustain the project’s outcomes and outputs. If this was done, the microcredit organization component might not have been dropped from the project.

Project Number: 42007-013
Project Name: Second Small and Microfinance Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Another lesson that was not raised by the PCR is the issue of tariff and cost recovery. The project agreement specified that wastewater tariffs were to be reviewed annually and adjusted as needed to achieve the cost-recovery targets. A special loan administration mission fielded in September 2010, however, reported that the process of increasing tariffs had been postponed for over 4 years. The auditor also raised concerns that the tariff revenue being received was insufficient to maintain the operation as well as meet debt obligations.

Project Number: 37597-013
Project Name: Wuhan Wastewater and Stormwater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Indicators should have been added to measure the portfolio quality of SME lending by PFIs and its impacts on the performance of borrowing SMEs, such as their assets, profitability, and employment.

Project Number: 36200-013
Project Name: Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Road safety programs in rural areas need continuous support to remain sustainable. In this respect, project-based interventions need to be designed more carefully with measures of strengthening beneficiary involvement included in the community- based road safety program to sustain its momentum even after project completion.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Contractor Assessment. The project was affected by the unsatisfactory performance of two contractors and one supplier. Although such performance issues are usually observed in projects of similar nature, it is not simple to find a resolution through the bidding process or contract administration. Therefore, a well-planned performance monitoring system by the government linked to sanctioning of such entities may be a likely remedy.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely Implementation of Resettlement Compensation. The timely implementation of resettlement (including at the CBF) was a risk identified at project appraisal. The project encountered delays in resettlement compensation due to slow disbursement of counterpart funds. Since delays in resettlement affect civil works implementation, measures to supplement counterpart funds, including the use of ADB loan proceeds for resettlement compensation, should be considered.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cross-Border Facilities (CBF) Rehabilitation. No CBF rehabilitation between Cambodia and Thailand included in past ADB-financed projects was implemented since the government failed to acquire land in a timely manner. Therefore, future subregional projects of similar nature need to assess the feasibility of land acquisition for CBF at the concept stage. Depending on the case, either the project should not be considered for ADB-financing or the government should ensure that land acquisition is completed before the fact-finding mission, as an advance action.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A well planned and implemented capacity building program can significantly strengthen the institutional capacity of PMOs and benefit subsequent ADB urban projects in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, as this project has shown.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date: