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Lesson
Political support, and ultimately political accountability, is an essential component of institutional reform. An early back-to-office report (September 2014) stated that the government appreciated the importance of promoting a better business environment in the context of the private sector’s contribution to growth in gross domestic product. The government set up a Consultative Council on Reduction of Business Inspecting Agencies, chaired by the First Deputy Prime Minister to monitor implementation progress. All policy actions were completed.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Multidimensional programs need to have a balance on types of indicators but should take care to ensure that progress in threshold indicators can be properly recognized in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). Only 9 of the 12 unique output indicators between subprograms 1 and 2 had been achieved or almost achieved. Of these 9 achieved output indicators, 7 were binary , i.e., they only take the value of achieved or not achieved. The output indicators not achieved had specific numerical targets that had not been met.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to properly phase implementation schedules to allow for deeper analysis of output and outcome progress and rectify indicators. All four outcome indicators were not achieved but progress was recorded against outcome indicators related to increases in private investment, internationally certified Tajik firms, and regulatory quality; and in the case of women entrepreneurs was particularly good if measured by electronic tax declarations. This suggests that targets were initially overambitious and/or that outcome indicators should be considered over a longer period.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued implementation of regular reform programs even under crisis situations demands a strong partnership between ADB and the government. This program continued and strengthened ADB’s support to improve the country’s macroeconomic performance under the Economic Stabilization Program initiated by the government in 2019. Sustained implementation of the program allowed the government to continue with policy reforms while fighting the pandemic.

Project Number: 52049-001, 52049-003
Project Name: Trade and Competitiveness Program – Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The post-program partnership framework (P3F) provides a very effective platform for ensuring the continuity and sustainability of reforms put in place by policy-based loan (PBLs). It has provided ADB with a platform for monitoring the implementation of the reforms set into motion by this PBL and proved very effective in promoting the continuity and sustainability of reforms.

Project Number: 52049-001, 52049-003
Project Name: Trade and Competitiveness Program – Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Early provision of technical assistance (TA) is essential to ensure that the policy actions supported by PBLs have sufficient depth and breadth and are sequenced in a manner that will enhance the PBLs’ value-addition to realizing the targeted reforms and sustaining the reform process. The TA attached to this PBL was appropriate and focused on areas that required ADB technical support because of limitations and constraints faced by the government.

Project Number: 52049-001, 52049-003
Project Name: Trade and Competitiveness Program – Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
In implementing the PPPs and in establishing the PPP unit, specific actions could have been better emphasized to ensure that such projects are affordable to the poor and that these are gender and socially conscious. Providing varied financing mechanisms for different forms of PPPs—such as viability gap funding, availability-based, and Islamic bond financing—were innovations that could be repeated in future projects.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important for Indonesia to focus on improving the procedures to enable micro, small, and medium enterprises—the basis of the Indonesian economy—not only to start a business but also to expand the existing ones

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
With the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic severely affecting MSMEs, risks from further implications and possible pandemics in the future need more attention in the program’s assessment moving forward.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
The delays early on during the project implementation suggested that it was important for the PMU to have an appropriate mix of full- and part-time personnel. In this project’s case, more full-time staff were required early in the project to attend fully to activities that were different from routine government activities, such as familiarization with the enhanced SPS regimes, ADB procurement requirements, and other procedures. PMU’s too many part-time appointments caused inefficiencies in procurement and timely implementation of the project activities.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Pilot testing is an appropriate approach to introduce a new regulatory requirement to demonstrate its relevance and benefits to the industry, test its effectiveness, and determine areas for improvement in design and implementation. Pilot testing can generate substantial demonstration effects that justify a program’s nationwide expansion.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient resources and capacity are required and need to be ensured for proper and continuous monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of projects.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation - Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Involvement of all relevant key agencies will facilitate and scale up the rollout of pioneering initiatives.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation - Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A robust analysis of demand, backed by baseline surveys, is vital to addressing potential barriers in the adoption of new public services.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation - Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project design should reflect realistic target timeframes for outputs that target legislation, as it is largely influenced by political conditions, priorities, and pace of reforms.

Project Number: 43566-013
Project Name: Inclusive Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Project
Report Date: