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Lesson
Trade facilitation reforms and national single window (NSW) development are complex undertakings requiring much time to be completed. This project's timelines were very ambitious with regard to the NSW component given that it required institutional and regulatory reforms; business process reengineering across multiple government agencies; as well as design, development, and integration of the SWIS.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In terms of project design, in-depth analysis of various loan modality options and risks assessment, taking in consideration the ountry’s huge capacity and institutional gaps, can help design an appropriate loan modality. For example, a sector lending, which can also run for a decade and sustain capacity support to the sector, requires a sector analysis that covers a thorough analysis of the factors that affect the performance of the sector, including policy, institutional or regulatory frameworks, as well as the sustainability of the investment.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
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Lesson
In-depth analysis of the sector’s constraints and challenges both internally and externally, including the institutional arrangements and policies, can provide more realistic implementation of reforms focused on road maintenance.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects supporting educational reforms such as improving the school dormitory system require a well-defined development plan and multi-faceted approach. Greater support for financial, human and physical resources, and capacity building, specifically support for policy and educational regulatory reforms, helps in improving project sustainability and in turn promotes better access to education.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
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Lesson
Public finance management (PFM) reforms are complex and require a long-term high level political commitment and flexibility to maximize the development impact. The progress made under PFM reforms can also be non-linear in nature, which requires greater effort to revisit reforms and to embed and institutionalize complex reforms as part of the “norm” in core government processes such as policy planning and budgeting.

Project Number: 52146-001
Project Name: Strengthening Public Finance Management Program (Subprogram 1)
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Lesson
Institutional and technical capacities to effectively implement PFM reforms remain weak, and absorptive capacities remain low. This can often be further compounded by frequent changes in leadership and staffing, which can cause further delays. ADB's continued engagement with the Ministry of Finance must be at all levels of the administration (management and operational levels) to strengthen the institutional and organizational capacity and reduce the impact of staff turnover on reform impact.

Project Number: 52146-001
Project Name: Strengthening Public Finance Management Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Close coordination with other development partners working in PFM reforms is necessary to create synergies with ADB's support and interventions. Subprogram 1 was designed and developed in close consultation with the IMF and the World Bank to ensure a coordinated approach to PFM reforms. These lessons have confirmed that the reforms require a long-term perspective to achieve the intended objectives and that reforms need to be underpinned by significant efforts in sustained capacity building to ensure capacity constraints do not impact the overall quality of reforms.

Project Number: 52146-001
Project Name: Strengthening Public Finance Management Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Comprehensive and robust diagnostics providing the rationale for the selection of policy actions are important. Using the results of these diagnostics during consultations helps stakeholders gain appreciation of the reasons for introducing policy reforms and this aids in building consensus

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out project communications plan, backed by local capacity building, is needed for the successful implementation of projects in FSM. Information is often not widely shared in the FSM, and securing support for reforms can be particularly complex in this context. The Chuuk Public Utilities Corporation was able to effectively carry out its communications and outreach activities and secure support for reforms with the help of a well-defined operation, maintenance, and management contract. Project delays affected the momentum of activities in the other three states.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The political economy of the country as well as of the local areas where projects are to be sited needs to be thoroughly understood and considered in the design of projects. The project assumptions that institutional and financial reforms would be adopted within a reasonable time frame and that demand for the improved water supply services could be established in Kosrae state proved false. Project preparation could have supported a more thorough understanding of the political economy, and the scope based on a stronger rationale and expressed demand.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Incomplete policies and weak reforms cannot fully address the underlying causes of the accumulating circular debt, which jeopardizes the financial situation of the sector and prolongs reliance on government subsidies and bailouts. A multiyear reform commitment through a flexible programmatic approach is necessary to implement the much-needed structural reform and realize sector transformation and financial sustainability

Project Number: 47015-001, 47015-002, 47015-003
Project Name: Sustainable Energy Sector Reform Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
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Lesson
strong and continued political support and guidance is essential for formulating and implementing effective structural reforms to address the stock and flow of circular debt and improve the sustainability of the power sector. Internal resistance to changes within the sector cannot be overcome without direct involvement and support from key decision makers at federal and provincial governments.

Project Number: 47015-001, 47015-002, 47015-003
Project Name: Sustainable Energy Sector Reform Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Properly defining technical parameters ensures successful project implementation. The required equipment for end terminals, estimated to cost $0.5 million, was omitted from the pertinent package; thus the $29.1 million investment was idle. The target annual power generation of 60 gigawatt-hours was an overestimate as it required securing agreements for purchasing 40% of the output of the private sector’s biomass power projects and an optimistic utilization factor of 70% of the run-of-river HPPs.

Project Number: 41504-023
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Extending physical completion of works beyond the financial closing of the loan, diminishes ADB’s ability to rigorously monitor and track project progress, safeguards, and technical due diligence.

Project Number: 38254-043
Project Name: MFF - North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date: