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Lesson
The TA generated some useful outputs for replication and upscaling and helped the government upgrade capacity including the establishment of a GIS unit. To ensure proper uptake, the following areas need to be further improved: (i) a programmatic approach for continued support from ADB, (ii) institutional strengthening to ensure personal and budget support after donor project completion, and (iii) greater donor coordination.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
Cofinancing can create conditions for the continued engagement of partners. The TA established partnerships with government agencies, domestic research organizations and universities, and private sector, which helped enrich the project content and developintegrated solutions. The cofinancing from Government of Japan's High-Level Technology (HLT) Fund helped mobilize an international firm with advanced technologies (earth observations and ICT) and good in-country experiences.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional strengthening requires long term engagement and capacity building, and continued support is crucial. Despite its own capacity constraints, MOFALI actively participated in the project and mobilized the participation of a large number of aimags. The decision support system, for example, was developed in partnership with regional aimags and the end system was deployed to all aimag departments of agriculture and light industry including computer units and GIS trainings.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure knowledge creation, documentation, and dissemination, a good combination of consultants with both practical and documentation capacity needs to be considered in the preparation of the terms of reference of the TA and selection of consultants. The national consultant team, which conducted most of the TA activities, lacked adequate skills in summarizing and writing down key knowledge acquired through the TA. The international consultant was brought in to help improve documentation only after the easing of COVID-19 restrictions.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
A functional coordinating mechanism centered around a competent consultant team leader is key to the success of a complex implementation arrangement. The TA engaged a consulting firm, which subcontracted six additional international and national partners. This helped build a great partnership for knowledge and solutions. However, as many parallel activities were unfolding, the firm had difficulty coordinating input and outputs.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
As clients may not be able to keep pace with ADB's movement toward more advanced digitalization technologies, diversified communication channels and personal engagement will remain important aspects of implementation.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of communication could negatively impact engagement quality. The outbreak of COVID-19 during TA implementation affected consultant ability to engage stakeholders, government participation, and contribution by the international consultants. Despite significant efforts by the ADB resident mission and the consultants, communication between the ADB team and MOFALI were sometimes dependent on consultants, which reduced the quality of engagement.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
The TA was designed with adequate consultation with the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry (MOFALI). Nevertheless, it could have been further improved with consultation with other related government agencies. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism has a strong capacity and ongoing activities related to grassland monitoring and management, and was a valuable partner during implementation.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional financing and outsourcing complex tasks to specialized entities support successful TA implementation. ADB hired the World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan to conduct the ecological baseline survey. The TA secured financing of $300,000 on a grant basis from the Netherlands Trust Fund under the Water Financing Partnership Facility. The fund supported the conduct of feasibility studies for a main canal subproject. Without this fund, the feasibility studies would not have been completed.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Wider consultation with stakeholders is critical for preparing the project. The TA held consultations with two types of stakeholders: primary and secondary. The primary stakeholders were the initial stakeholders, such as displaced persons, public, and women who resided within or in the vicinity of the project areas. The public consultation comprised the local community and public.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent walk-throughs of preparatory work undertaken under transaction TA facilitate stakeholder understanding and uptake of the ensuing project. The TA conducted several capacity building activities, and dissemination of analyses and results from reports for the ensuing project. For transaction TA, frequent walk-throughs of preparatory work among key stakeholders are particularly important in facilitating stakeholder support for the ensuing project.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent review missions are crucial to overcoming implementation challenges. The TA was administered by staff located in head office with good support from the Pakistan Resident Mission. However, ADB staff assignment changed during the TA implementation period; and the limitations and delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic induced challenges to consultant management and client interaction. Frequent review missions significantly helped address these challenges.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional budget and time could be instrumental in successful project implementation. The major factor for the successful outputs was the provision of additional budget and time for improving and completing the feasibility studies despite delays during TA implementation. Additional TA financing helped in improving the feasibility assessments which were deemed essential before committing the detail design resources.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The three-step approach of feasibility studies, detailed engineering design, and ensuing project through separate and sequential financing modalities helps in country partnership strategy, programming dialogue, and long-term engagement. The TA has proven this approach to be effective in achieving technical, safeguards, procurement, and implementation readiness in the ensuing project.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensions in project implementation period provide opportunities not only to fully achieve but also enhance project results. In this case, the agreement on TA extension was premised not only on overcoming delays due to COVID-19 but also to facilitate additional safeguards and technical studies which provided better upstream guidance to the detailed design phase of the ensuing project the TA supported.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date: