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Lesson
Increasing O&M budget and capacity are necessary for maintaining dam durability. Adequate O&M budgets should be secured in the province to make the rehabilitated and other reservoirs and facilities sustainable. Strengthening O&M capacity is necessary to develop preventive measures and provide robust preparedness for disaster risks.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
M&E is crucial for generating quality data and implementation efficiency. Having quality M&E data is a sign of good project management. Institutional capacity for social safeguards implementation and data management needs to be strengthened.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Flood control measures mitigate impact of extreme weather events. Functional linkage of dams and discharge channels is crucial for effective flood control. Rehabilitating nonproject reservoirs inclusive of the discharge channels below the reservoir dams is necessary to mitigate flood impact. A dam and discharge channels below it need to be designed and managed as an integrated hydraulic system. For a similar project in the future, the full scope should be explicitly specified at the design stage, even though future projects might be covered by domestic funds.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is no one-size-fits-all model. The project reservoir rehabilitation and management model need to be customized to suit the reservoir requirements of other provinces. Sharing the model and project experience will allow other provinces to utilize the model as a best reference and customize it to their own conditions. This would be useful for them in developing their own site-specific plans.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure should be built to last. Frequent damage to irrigation facilities caused by flooding and landslides is a big threat to the sustainability of infrastructure improvements. Considering the poor watershed management in the areas surrounding subprojects and incompatible land uses (e.g., hilly land corn farming above the irrigated rice fields), the construction of irrigation infrastructure needs to improve. Preventive and protective measures need to be taken to guard against recurring intense rainfalls and extreme weather events.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The community-driven development approach is effective. Although it seems self-evident, this fundamental lesson is often overlooked and needs to be reiterated. Community involvement in planning and responsibility for O&M is a practical and cost-effective way of managing such small-scale systems. The government-enabled community ownership and capacity building approach employed by the project will be useful in other efforts to scale up agricultural development, for example in improving rural health, water supply and sanitation, and education.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustainable O&M and water provision are crucial. Sustainable O&M that guarantees water provision is an incentive for farmers to remain members of WUAs. Farmers tend to withdraw from WUAs if their fields do not receive adequate water flows. Without water delivery to their fields, there was no incentive for farmers to work on land conversion and therefore some refused to invest their resources in converting undeveloped land to paddy fields, which would have increased the irrigated area under the project.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB can improve client service and reduce administrative and paperwork burden. This can be done by simplifying project disbursement (ensuring sufficiently large imprest account replenishment thresholds and simpler cost-sharing arrangements). Efforts should be made to reduce report generation in future projects (e.g., by combining scheme assessments, simplifying the feasibility study format, and delegating feasibility review to the respective districts and provinces).

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing need for the project review process in ADB to allow a flexible project design if warranted, for example during this uncertain period in early 2000s for Indonesia. A more forthcoming discussion on risks and a flexible design at approval would have made it easier later to change the project scope and financing approach. This would have reduced the project implementation challenges and delays.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear mechanism should be identified on how voluntary land contributions are agreed upon and compensated, if necessary, among the members of beneficiary groups (e.g., WUAs). Further, these contributions should be accounted for as counterpart funds to the project.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As a part of the continuing institution building, agriculture sector indicators can be improved by including more service performance indicators for agencies.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consider innovative water-saving technologies for some crops, such as using sprinkler irrigation for contoured lands, as water-saving technologies are becoming cheaper to implement.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Staff training modules adopted under the project generally supported routine work functions of district and provincial agencies (e.g., planning, participatory consultations, construction management), rather than only project-specific tasks (e.g., loan disbursements and PISP-specific reporting).

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In moving forward with sector dialogue and preparation of new projects, competing needs should be continuously discussed particularly regarding the acceptable trade-off between staple food (rice) self-sufficiency (as a part of a national security plan) and its economic costs in terms of fiscal subsidy burden on the national and local budgets, as well as in terms of lower farm incomes.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A rigid and narrow scope of activities may not be optimal for projects that aim to support decentralization. Decentralization fosters more independent and bottom-up decision making by local governments and communities, and it is therefore better supported through projects that allow a broader and flexible menu of activities.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date: