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Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Combining finance sector development and financial inclusion under an umbrella framework enables a finance sector reform program to address both supply and demand to further develop the sector. The program as originally designed was to include two subprograms. Technical assistance, provided to help the government continue the reform measures adopted in subprogram 1, was key in supporting many of the reforms programmed under subprogram 2, even as the government elected not to proceed with a second loan. Nevertheless, government elected not to proceed with a second loan.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF was reasonably well-designed and the performance indicators—with the exception of the initial program impact indicators—targets, and baseline data were precise and generally easily measurable. However, the PCR assessed the program against the DMF prepared for subprogram 3, which, like subprogram 2 had no indicators to measure impact, although these were included for subprogram 1.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing TA support is required to ensure the sustainability of the program, especially to enhance domestic savings (output 3), and the increased mobilization of private resources focused on mobilizing private savings (output 4). Private savings through pensions and a more developed capital market will mobilize long-term finance. These reforms, however, are long-term in nature involving legislative changes and institutional strengthening.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A lack of assessment and monitoring of contingent liabilities causing fiscal risk and limited coverage of public financial management affecting expenditure and fiscal consolidation was an additional risk identified for subprograms 2 and 3.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The post-program monitoring framework (PPMF) is a useful instrument in helping ensure the sustainability of reforms and providing a basis for continued ADB dialogue and support. The PPMF was a useful input to the design of the ADB policy-based loan supporting the Financial Market Development and Integration Program in 2012. It is also a good practice for ADB to support a post-monitoring program with technical assistance. However, the PPMF should monitor not only actions and outputs but also outcomes.

Project Number: 32507-013, 32507-023, 32507-032
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program Cluster (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The coverage of accompanying TA to support implementation of the reforms should match the scope and complexity of the program. The $1.5 million TA project was aimed at supporting the continuation of the reforms beyond the CMDPC, including the policy measures in the post-program monitoring framework. The other TA project amounting to $1.2 million TA project, with limited components, supported the implementation of a $600 million loan program with 93 policy actions to be completed by several government agencies.

Project Number: 32507-013, 32507-023, 32507-032
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program Cluster (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Program design should be focused and selective, with a limited number of policy actions to ensure effective implementation and monitoring. The CMDPC supported a complex program with 93 policy actions (46 for subprogram 1 and 47 for subprogram 2). Limiting the number of policy actions in a program is consistent with the IED recommendations in the evaluation of ADB assistance to capital market development in 2008.

Project Number: 32507-013, 32507-023, 32507-032
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program Cluster (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The long-term nature of capital market development requires a road map with clear sequencing and prioritization of reforms as well intermediate and long-term outcomes, with periodic updating. A longer term and flexible framework for reforms, supported by a timely monitoring and evaluation system, would provide a context for the phasing of reforms and identifying the content of specific programs which typically cover 3–5 year periods.

Project Number: 32507-013, 32507-023, 32507-032
Project Name: Capital Market Development Program Cluster (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Diagnostics play an important role in the successful implementation of policy reforms.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Gradual and complex reforms require simultaneous activities and flexibility to manage bottlenecks.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 42235-013, 42235-023
Project Name: Microfinance Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation has also revealed an urgent need to enhance the information technology (IT) capabilities of the PCFs and MFIs so that the credit reporting and information exchange can be improved. The MDP helped the SBV standardize the reporting requirements for PCFs and MFIs and set up the microfinance information exchange system within the National Credit Information Center (CIC). However, a majority of these small- sized credit institutions lack the skills and standard IT systems to properly comply with the new reporting standards.

Project Number: 42235-013, 42235-023
Project Name: Microfinance Development Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Need to allocate ample time when deciding policy actions for IRRs to be issued in Viet Nam, due the consensus-building approach the government has adopted toward regulatory formulation. It also took longer than expected for the IRRs for the People's credit funds (PCFs) to be issued.

Project Number: 42235-013, 42235-023
Project Name: Microfinance Development Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Through its compliance with the agreed Microfinance Development Program (MDP) policy actions, the government made remarkable progress during 2008-2014 in creating a conducive policy and regulatory environment for developing inclusive and sustainable microfinance. Despite this, the issuing of implementing rules and regulations (IRRs) related to the licensing requirements for microfinance institutions (MFIs) is still pending. The government attributes the delay to its desire to await a Prime Minister Decision on unlicensed microfinance operations.

Project Number: 42235-013, 42235-023
Project Name: Microfinance Development Program - Subprograms 1 and 2: Program Completion Report
Report Date: