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Lesson
Programs such as this should take a holistic approach to measuring and abating air pollution. Although substantial progress has been made, longer-term policy measures to address the ongoing air quality issue in Mongolia are still needed The increased concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide show shortcomings in the program’s overall achievements, along with the concentrations of small particulate matter which remain above World Health Organization’s guidelines, necessitating more policy actions.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Publication of air quality should be institutionalized to provide a feedback loop to policy makers and to empower the public to assess overall progress. ADB’s participation in the longer-term framework for air pollution abatement will reinforce the feedback and will be an instrument to provide additional assistance that will ensure the continued air pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar and other urban areas in Mongolia.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Learning from and drawing on the achievements of past interventions is critical to the success of comprehensive policy reforms supported by the programmatic approach to policy-based lending (PBL).

Project Number: 51199-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Air quality improvements strengthen people’s health and capacity to fight infections

Project Number: 51199-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation and sustainability of policy reforms, which can be challenging, require strong and continued political ownership, commitment, leadership, and coordination among key government agencies.

Project Number: 51199-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Most contracts were relatively small and within the competence levels of local contractors, especially relevant in the difficult conditions for access and supply that applied during and after the conflicts. Use of local contractors, instead of outside companies, strengthened local ownership and avoided aggravating community and ethnic tensions.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation is difficult in the fluid security conditions of conflicts and their aftermath. However, staff members were motivated by the evident need for their services, as well as by pressure from both sides in the conflict to address basic infrastructure in all areas.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The North East Community Restoration and Development implementation structure, including the delegation of responsibility to a provincial project management unit and the inclusion of all stakeholders in the provincial project coordination committee subproject selection process, was effective in implementing restoration activities. It provided a model for coordination between central, provincial, district, divisional, and local government, and encouraged cooperation with other agencies and minimized duplication of agencies' work.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Baseline data are important. During conflicts, data change: infrastructure is destroyed and people are displaced. Monitoring surveys are difficult to conduct because of restricted access. The project management unit failed to expand the management information system to assess subproject impacts, the absence of which made postproject evaluation difficult.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance (TA) attached to the program proved to be crucial to achieving the policy reforms. The TA inputs ensured the technical quality and overall sustainability of the policy measures and contributed significantly to the success of the program. The experience points to the need to back up program loans with strong technical assistance.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Even in the context of a crisis situation, the 20 months allowed at appraisal for the Social Sectors Support Program's (SSSP) implementation was inadequate, particularly for achieving the technically and politically challenging goals of social welfare targeting and consolidation. A reform process in this area tends to be protracted and highly contentious - a fact that was established by the Social Security Sector Development Program (2002-2009) and reconfirmed by the SSSP.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
By underpinning some of the most important policy issues in the social sector, the Social Sectors Support Program (SSSP) maintained ADB's position at the center of social sector policy reform in Mongolia. Further modernization of the social protection system, including wider and better use of targeting, will require continuous external technical and capacity development support to strengthen institutions and human resources.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need for sustained engagement in social protection. The enduring relevance of the Social Sectors Support Program, which has continued after the financial crisis, underlines the importance of the key objective of ADB's Social Protection Strategy to build social protection systems in non-crisis years and its emphasis that such a system should not be based on a oneoff response to a crisis. Sustained engagement in policy dialogue in non-crisis years is critical to building demand for social protection beyond the crisis response.

Project Number: 43096-013
Project Name: Social Sectors Support Program
Report Date: