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Lesson
Programs such as this should take a holistic approach to measuring and abating air pollution. Although substantial progress has been made, longer-term policy measures to address the ongoing air quality issue in Mongolia are still needed The increased concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide show shortcomings in the program’s overall achievements, along with the concentrations of small particulate matter which remain above World Health Organization’s guidelines, necessitating more policy actions.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Publication of air quality should be institutionalized to provide a feedback loop to policy makers and to empower the public to assess overall progress. ADB’s participation in the longer-term framework for air pollution abatement will reinforce the feedback and will be an instrument to provide additional assistance that will ensure the continued air pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar and other urban areas in Mongolia.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in government policy during project implementation can influence project outcomes. The project benefited from an improved health insurance mechanism introduced by the Government of Viet Nam.

Project Number: 40019-013
Project Name: Health Care in the South Central Coast Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When projects are implemented under decentralization, consultation and capacity building of the provinces and implementing agencies at the decentralized level are essential and need to start during project preparation. The needs identified by the central level may not be felt at the decentralized level, which could result in delays or non-implementation of project activities, reducing the potential benefits of the project.

Project Number: 40019-013
Project Name: Health Care in the South Central Coast Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To achieve poverty reduction and equity, the needs of disadvantaged groups must be identified not only by technically qualified experts, but also by the intended beneficiaries. Planning and budgeting for health services must be based on accurate and disaggregated data that are made available on time.

Project Number: 40019-013
Project Name: Health Care in the South Central Coast Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complementary reforms and investments in service delivery and financing result in the sustained expansion of access to health care services.

Project Number: 40019-013
Project Name: Health Care in the South Central Coast Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A sound design, developed through a consultative process, is critical to the success of a complex project.

Project Number: 40019-013
Project Name: Health Care in the South Central Coast Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of a strong and well-functioning PMU, with a full-time and qualified project coordinator, is paramount.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project’s quality-at-entry can often be assessed through the project DMF. A good project DMF should be self-explanatory and formulated as a real and understandable tool for project implementation and project monitoring by the executing agency, particularly by the PMU staff.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for strong emphasis on establishing adequate O&M mechanisms to ensure sustainability of the built infrastructure. Lastly, more guidance is required from district administrations, consultants, and community facilitators to ensure that communities understand the importance of systematic maintenance.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective utilization of existing institutions avoided start-up problems and delays. This enabled the concerned agencies to immediately trigger implementation activities without waiting for a project management office to be set up. This was attributed to ADB’s own experience in implementing the previous PNPM Mandiri project.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Phased approach. Implementing the project across almost four dozen provinces and such a wide geographical area led to challenges both in providing laboratory equipment in a timely manner and in ensuring that training was provided in the use of this equipment. A phased approach prioritizing provinces with stronger technical capacities would ensure a closer link between the provision of equipment and training thus increase efficiency.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of local government fiscal capacity. The project originally required participating provinces to provide funds to upgrade the PPMCs (provincial preventive medicine centers), including their laboratories. While local government commitment to preventive health care is significant in Viet Nam, the fiscal situation of some provinces does not allow investments of the scale that was needed. ADB needs to carefully consider the local costs of such infrastructure projects and the fiscal ability of local governments to meet them before committing to an investment.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for market-based remuneration. The government's cost norm is too low and not competitive. Because of this, recruiting experienced senior national consultants (with the exception of retired government employees) remains a challenge. Training allowances are also too low. This also applies to its training allowances, which discourages participation by staff who must travel from where they live and work to take part. Future projects should include a clause that allows remuneration for consultants and allowances for staff training to be market-based.

Project Number: 34348-013
Project Name: Preventive Health System Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The integrated approach to disaster recovery operations beyond infrastructure restoration to also include activities directed at restoring livelihood and improving the resilience of infrastructure and economic activity to disasters.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date: