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Lesson
The DMF was reasonably well-designed and the performance indicators—with the exception of the initial program impact indicators—targets, and baseline data were precise and generally easily measurable. However, the PCR assessed the program against the DMF prepared for subprogram 3, which, like subprogram 2 had no indicators to measure impact, although these were included for subprogram 1.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing TA support is required to ensure the sustainability of the program, especially to enhance domestic savings (output 3), and the increased mobilization of private resources focused on mobilizing private savings (output 4). Private savings through pensions and a more developed capital market will mobilize long-term finance. These reforms, however, are long-term in nature involving legislative changes and institutional strengthening.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 48478-001
Project Name: Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Target dates for performance indicators should be sufficiently set long after the likely date of disbursement or policy action. This is to identify a plausible causal relationship between investments and actions taken by the program and a change in the performance indicators. This was not the case in the performance indicators under output 1.

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Project-level lesson: Assistance provided in response to a crisis should only include essential conditions for disbursement. ADB’s Project Administration Instructions stated that the use of conditions for withdrawal should be limited to the extent possible. In this program, four disparate conditions were included as conditions for disbursement without discussion or justification in the RRP.

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms cannot take place in isolation and need to be well coordinated and have strategic linkages both at the national and subnational level.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing governance reforms from a strategic perspective galvanizes support for Asian Development Bank (ADB) reform initiatives in developing member countries.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Improving accountability requires a holistic approach.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Information technology (IT) can be used to standardize and enhance the quality and accessibility of service delivery.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reforms have to be carefully sequenced by first setting the prerequisites right, followed by focused and gradual implementation that considers the varying speed of absorption at different tiers of the government.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms, particularly on public financial management at the local level, take longer and require concerted efforts.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate macroeconomic analysis and policy dialogue are essential to the sound formulation and quick mobilization of stakeholder support for an emergency economic response package under ADB's Countercylical Support Facility (CSF).

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Instead of internally negotiating for the CSF loan to exceed the $500 million cap for each member country, an additional parallel programmatic support should have been explored by the project team to facilitate the quick processing and release of emergency budget support to Kazakhstan.

Project Number: 49083-002
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Focusing on the most important measures boosts the likelihood of success of a reform agenda.

Project Number: 48478-001
Project Name: Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Fitting reforms to the issues and contexts they are seeking to address is crucial to success.

Project Number: 48478-001
Project Name: Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date: