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Lesson
Actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what has been achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. For example, Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate a successful policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reform programs with complex and multiple interventions require rigorous identification and assessment of the political economy and capacity risks to ensure overall effectiveness.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A more detailed, formal assessment of individual, organizational, and institutional capacity before program design that could then be monitored during implementation might also have helped strengthen program implementation.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The level, timing, focus, number, prioritization, sequencing, and flexibility of the reform actions are likely to be unique to each program of reforms and to change.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should be fully engaged with the program, whether or not funds are to be disbursed in a particular year.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The terms and conditions of the subsequent tranches of financing should be at least as attractive as the initial tranche to keep the borrower committed to completing the full reform program.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Recognizing the limitations placed by cost and staff resources on ADB’s capacity to fully participate in coordination meetings in small member countries, the role of additional TA should have been carefully evaluated.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement by ADB would have enabled it to continue contributing its expertise to the reform process, keep itself informed of the evolving views of the government, and help clarify ADB’s future role in the reform process.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should stay fully engaged with the program of reforms it is supporting, regardless of whether funds are scheduled to be disbursed or not in a particular year.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Government ownership and commitment and flexibility to adjust to changes that are crucial to the successful implementation of public sector and fiscal reforms.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Successful privatization of state-owned enterprises requires strong political commitment and government ownership. The new government failed to carry forward the privatization program articulated in the report and recommendation of the President. This underlines the need for such reforms to be based on broad stakeholder consultations, and the importance of a high degree of political consensus on the goals and process of the reform.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Well designed and adequately resourced technical assistance is critical in helping governments with limited technical capacity deliver a complex set of reforms. This is demonstrated by the broadening of the tax base by implementing the goods and services tax. Collected revenue doubled during 2012–2016 with the help of sustained and targeted support from ADB starting in 2010.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 43321-013, 43321-023
Project Name: Public Sector Program—Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The incentive framework should have played a larger role in moving the economic agenda forward.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date: