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Lesson
Policy reform programs with complex and multiple interventions require rigorous identification and assessment of the political economy and capacity risks to ensure overall effectiveness.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what has been achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. For example, Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate a successful policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach to program design and formulation. The SPBL was developed in close consultation with the government and development partners, including the IMF and the World Bank, and it was designed through a holistic approach. The SPBL demonstrated that a comprehensive and holistic consultation process can ensure effective diagnosis of the issues, leading to a strong, relevant policy matrix that prioritizes reform measures and sets realistic timelines in collaboration with the development partners.

Project Number: 53247-001
Project Name: Economic Stabilization Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of reform agenda. Many public resource management reforms related to taxes or concessions, as in the SPBL, have political and economic implications and are often difficult to undertake without strong ownership. The SPBL implementation success resided in (i) a good understanding of the vested interests, (ii) the institutional capacity of government agencies, (iii) effective partnership and coordination between ADB and the government, and (iv) a strong sense of appreciation for the overall benefits of the program.

Project Number: 53247-001
Project Name: Economic Stabilization Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A more detailed, formal assessment of individual, organizational, and institutional capacity before program design that could then be monitored during implementation might also have helped strengthen program implementation.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The level, timing, focus, number, prioritization, sequencing, and flexibility of the reform actions are likely to be unique to each program of reforms and to change.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Well designed and adequately resourced technical assistance is critical in helping governments with limited technical capacity deliver a complex set of reforms. This is demonstrated by the broadening of the tax base by implementing the goods and services tax. Collected revenue doubled during 2012–2016 with the help of sustained and targeted support from ADB starting in 2010.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Successful privatization of state-owned enterprises requires strong political commitment and government ownership. The new government failed to carry forward the privatization program articulated in the report and recommendation of the President. This underlines the need for such reforms to be based on broad stakeholder consultations, and the importance of a high degree of political consensus on the goals and process of the reform.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 46384-001
Project Name: Public Sector Financial Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Targets and indicators in the DMF of program loans such as this need to be extremely conscious of exogenous factors. There is also a need for ADB program to assign focus areas for policy coordination and monitoring among ADB and other development partners so that respective contributions to policy dialogue under the different program components can be traced.

Project Number: 43191-023, 43191-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program— Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The incentive framework should have played a larger role in moving the economic agenda forward.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
All Pacific developing member countries, including Samoa, experience great difficulty implementing long-term structural adjustment policies. While demand-side, short-term price stabilization policies may be more readily implemented, longer-term changes to land tenure and state-owned enterprises and efforts to liberalize trade and investment regimes confront a very difficult political economy environment in the Pacific islands. Governments are comfortable with short-term price reforms that pose less of a challenge to the political economy.

Project Number: 43191-013, 43191-023
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The Economic Recovery Program (ERP) comprised 59 policy actions - 39 for the first tranche and 20 for the second tranche. The total number of policy actions under the ERP was significantly large and represented a challenge in terms of monitoring and implementation. The number of policy measures should be limited so that ADB can monitor compliance with them effectively throughout the program.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The Economic Recovery Program (ERP) was developed in close consultation with the government and development partners such as the International Monetary Authority (IMF) and the World Bank through many joint missions, and was designed through a holistic approach. The ADB shared the policy matrix with the IMF and the World Bank and coordinated closely with them in the final design. The ADB also attended the Development Partnership Forum in the Maldives in March 2009 and held discussions with other key development partners.

Project Number: 39658-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Program
Report Date: