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Lesson
The loan covenants required compliance with most financial covenants within a certain number of months from the loan effectiveness date. It would be better to link the achievement of such covenants to the delivery date of project assets instead of the loan effectiveness date.

Project Number: 34355-013
Project Name: Central Region Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The recruitment of consultants by executing agencies remains time-consuming. This problem is not specific to the project, but common in all ADB-financed projects in Viet Nam. Delays in consultant recruitment result in delays of the entire associated project. In the future, advance actions and project readiness filters should be applied to minimize start-up delays.

Project Number: 34355-013
Project Name: Central Region Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The calculation of the economic and financial internal rates of return at appraisal should be made in a manner that facilitates their re-evaluation at project completion.

Project Number: 34355-013
Project Name: Central Region Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project provided sufficient resources to implement gender-focused design features. The provision of adequate resources is critical to both successful design and effective implementation of the gender action plan. The project was an excellent example of how attention to gender equality through a comprehensive and well-targeted gender action plan can lead to practical and strategic gender equality results.

Project Number: 34355-013
Project Name: Central Region Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence should be exercised not only in terms of technical factors but institutional, social, financial, and even political factors. While most if not all projects have excellent and even noble intentions and objectives and are extremely relevant to existing problems in the countries they are proposed for, these projects have to be realistic and must be designed considering the inherent problems and issues pertaining to the sector, country, or areas where they will be implemented.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Closer attention to the linkages (or the theory of change) between the provision of infrastructure and the resulting changes in social behavior and development outcomes may have been a more useful basis for project M&E, i.e., what were the behavior changes and could they be observed in project and non-project towns? This lesson applies more broadly to infrastructure projects that identify high level social outcomes and explicit behavior change for their longer-term success.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Along with consultations related to subproject design and scope, consultation with project towns on cost recovery, tariffs, and user charges is crucial for sustainability.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of community attitudes to infrastructure, such as WWTP, should be better assessed at appraisal. For example, a participatory process to identify a feasible WWTP site would have prevented significant delays in the finalization of design and construction.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Entities intended to manage operation and maintenance (O&M) for infrastructure should be established early in the project cycle, and staff trained throughout the implementation period, rather than at the very end. For operational sustainability, a long-term O&M contract could be incorporated into the construction contract for institutions having weak capacity and staff strength.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project could support the institutional reforms efficiently if there is a clear political will and stable government.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Construction of sewerage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was substantially delayed due to delays in land acquisition, preparation of a detailed design, and a change of site location. In order to avoid any unnecessary delay in the implementation of the project, sufficient attention should be paid to land acquisition in project preparation, and the land should be made available for the project prior to mobilization of the design consultant.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For effective gender mainstreaming and achievements, gender action plans should be prepared and agreed on by all agencies involved in project implementation. Sufficient financial and technical resources should be allocated for implementation of the gender action plan.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should focus on a small number of physically integrated components to simplify project administration and optimize intersector linkages.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A complex financing plan causes difficulties in consolidation of expenditures and slow submission of withdrawal applications.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For a complex multi-component project, regular monitoring of the implementation progress and pourashava performance by the executing authority is indispensable. Regular interaction between the borrower and ADB, and ADB and the pourashavas through the projec management office contributed greatly to the success of the project. The use of a sector modality proved highly appropriate for performance-based allocation of funds among the competing pourashavas. This approach should be followed in all future ADB assistance to the pourashavas.

Project Number: 29041-013
Project Name: Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector)
Report Date: