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Lesson
Adequate due diligence at appraisal is important to prepare a realistic project schedule considering the institutional setup, internal review and approval procedures, existing capacity, and prior experience of the government and executing agency in implementing ADB and other development partners’ projects. Formulating appropriate project design, identifying major risks, implementing adequate mitigation measures, and providing early implementation support are crucial in minimizing startup delays and facilitating timely implementation progress of projects.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure development would be more impactful if it can be combined with modern agricultural concepts, like climate smart agriculture, conservation farming, on-farm water use efficiency, and integrated water resource management to enhance the development effectiveness of the project. Collaborative efforts with agricultural agencies to simultaneously work on these aspects and better emphasis on crop diversification would have provided better development outcomes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation and climate change adaptation interventions have rooms for improvement by employing multidisciplinary approaches. While the traditional engineering approaches are quite useful, ecosystem-based holistic approaches, such as consideration of the irrigation infrastructure development with the management of the watersheds that could supply water, needs to be considered in the approach in future irrigation projects.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Hiring a consultant to periodically collect data is crucial in monitoring and subsequently maintaining output achievements. Similarly, it will be useful for financial intermediary projects to engage a consultant to monitor the Implementation status of subprojects.

Project Number: 47305-002, 47305-004
Project Name: Horticulture Value Chain Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Constant training and practice are effective in deepening stakeholder understanding of ADB safeguard requirements and the ways they can best be met. This was proven by this project's experience with the executing agency that had no prior exposure to the concept og an environmental and social management system.

Project Number: 47305-002, 47305-004
Project Name: Horticulture Value Chain Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is good practice for an executing agency to conduct its own midterm review. This allowed timely assessment of progress and identification of issues that might cause shortfalls.

Project Number: 47305-002, 47305-004
Project Name: Horticulture Value Chain Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A more nuanced iteration of the project design and monitoring framework (DMF) i.e., accurately differentiating outcome and output indicators, would be beneficial to facilitate better project results assessments. As observed by this validation, impact, outcome, and output statements in the DMF were vague and similar, and did not provide sufficient guidance to focus performance targets that would have provided better evidence for achieving the goals of the impact, outcome, and output statements.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound identification and valuation of costs and benefits in the economic analysis can provide more realistic economic internal rates of return (EIRRs) to indicate a more accurate state of project viability. The economic analysis in the RRP and PCR underestimated the value of the project outputs, particularly the economic benefits of the solid waste management component, which led to a low EIRR. Willingness-to-pay $2 per month for solid waste removal seems too low and unreasonable considering the substantial health and environmental benefits that such removal likely provides.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In projects that aim to introduce new approaches and pilot programs, active participation, and dialogues with stakeholders at the design stage enhances project performance. Under the project, the design and implementation benefited from sufficient consultations with stakeholders. It promoted inclusiveness and bottom–up and community-based mechanisms for identifying the needs and decision-making process in the context of local conditions.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Early preparation and set up of funding design and mechanisms to meet the financial requirements of facilities and equipment's operation and maintenance after project completion can mitigate sustainability risks of project investments. In this project, there was no clarity on how maintenance of project infrastructure and equipment were to be funded after project completion. Thus, it reduces the project's sustainability.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding changing market conditions during implementation and undertaking timely adjustments in the design in response to the conditions help maintain the relevance of the project and facilitate delivery of outputs within the planned timeline. The minor changes made in the design were instrumental in accelerating the pace of the project after a slow start and in delivering the expected project outputs.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
State-owned banks are often used for policy lending that target specific sectors offering low interest rates and preferential terms. It is important that during project preparation, financial intermediaries selected are aligned with the market-based approach of FIL projects to avoid crowding out subloans and nonparticipation of selected intermediaries in lending to the target sector.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive master plan combined with arrangements that put the upstream catchment management and lake management under single administrations can deliver lasting results.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Investments with innovative design elements should include monitoring systems that can capture how these innovations have performed for wider dissemination and upscaling. Tackling nonpoint source (NPS) pollution through wetland construction and eco-compensation represents real innovation; however, the project completion report could have better outlined how these approaches worked in practice.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overlooking coordination could lead to project delays. Interagency coordination. The project had a good coordination mechanism within the water resources sector. Interagency coordination is needed when implementing social and environmental safeguards; in removing electricity poles (electricity utilities); in cutting trees (forest departments); and in land allotment, resettlement housing sites, and cash compensation payments (district administrations).

Project Number: 44429-013
Project Name: Climate Adaptation in Vennar Subbasin in Cauvery Delta Project
Report Date: