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Lesson
Knowledge gained from projects needs to be shared to optimize benefits. The knowledge developed through the project—the groundwater protection engineering and non engineering measures—would be beneficial if made accessible and promoted to key stakeholders. The recording of data on groundwater mitigation, water reservoirs, river and embankment protection, and wetland benefits should be maintained.

Project Number: 47047-002
Project Name: Shandong Groundwater Protection Project
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Lesson
Unsynchronized consultant recruitment, procurement of goods, and facility upgrades could create inefficiencies and lead to a wastage of time and resources and delayed delivery of project benefits. While overall the project proceeded smoothly, it encountered some challenges that offer valuable lessons to future projects. First, as the timing of consultant inputs and procurement of laboratory facilities and equipment were not synchronized, i.e., consultants would arrive early while facilities were not yet ready, less-than-efficient inputs were obtained.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
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Lesson
A thorough needs assessment is necessary to align the livelihood restoration training programs to the needs of severely affected households (SAHs) and so increase their uptake of the programs. Only a few SAHs attended the livelihood restoration programs designed to support them. The opportunity cost in terms of farmers’ time was high either because the SAHs were involved in more rewarding economic activities, or the trainings did not respond to their needs.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
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Lesson
More effort toward improving cooperation on regional public goods will strengthen the value addition of future regional projects. Cooperation between the two countries during implementation was limited. More inter-country activities toward strengthening cooperation on regional public goods such as early warning systems, flood and drought management control, joint missions to share country experiences, and knowledge sharing during project implementation would be useful in future regional cooperation projects.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely orientation and training of relevant stakeholders on social safeguards will help avoid related difficulties and problems. All entitled households were compensated according to the updated resettlement plans. However, detailed measurement survey errors and mistakes in implementing the voluntary land donation resulted in some payments being made after the commencement of construction work. A corrective action plan approved by ADB was subsequently implemented and all payments were completed.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Signing of loan agreement is essential to achieving project readiness. To avoid possible risk, the executing agency did not start the project implementation, including the detailed design for civil works, until the loan agreement was signed on 6 February 2013. That slowed project implementation progress in the early stage. In the future, ADB needs to convince the counterpart to enhance project readiness.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
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Lesson
It is important to examine the rural grassroots performance of financial intermediaries being considered for agricultural financial service projects with a large number of clients. The performance of potential intermediaries for agricultural financial service projects catering to smallholder farmers, cooperatives, and agricultural small and medium enterprises needs to be examined to ensure that intended benefits are not unduly compromised.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed implementation of resettlement plans means that land compensation payments are likewise delayed. Implementation of two resettlement plans were delayed but the relevant contracts were completed. As a result, compensation payments were delayed, and the covenants were not fully complied

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
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Lesson
The design of future irrigation rehabilitation projects can build on the project’s community empowerment model but also consider options for increasing beneficiary contributions for water use. The project increased community ownership and management of irrigation infrastructure through resourcing and strengthening the participation of women and their roles in the water user cooperative societies (WUCSs). Despite gains in irrigation fee collection, the WUCSs and infrastructure O&M requirements are not yet financially sustainable without significant government inputs.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
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Lesson
A project focusing on microfinance could help remove obstacles to micro-insurance or other risk transfer schemes in the agricultural sector. The project did not create a market for micro-insurance as envisaged.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
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Lesson
Less stringent selection criteria, which enables the participation of more eligible financial institutions, could optimize the impact of microlending short-term, low-interest loans in unbanked but regularly earning agricultural communities. The selection of partner participating financial institutions (PFIs) for the microlending component of this project may have been too strict. This resulted in the participation of only 3 of the 6 large PFIs in Tajikistan, all of which are foreign-owned and likely to have been effective partners.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
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Lesson
A thorough assessment of the financial management capacity of executing agencies (EAs) is required to mitigate the risk of financial issues disrupting project implementation or leading to non-compliance to loan covenants/grant agreements. The Agency for Land Reclamation and Irrigation (ALRI), the EA for 2 of this project’s 4 intended outputs, did not monitor the commercial bank that held the advance accounts for said outputs. When the bank became insolvent, part of the advance accounts was frozen, and was refunded only after government intervention albeit with significant delay.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
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Lesson
Projects should provide room for any kind of response from affected people, businesses, and other entities. The risk of delayed LAR was envisaged at project preparation, and mitigation measures were developed and implemented. Still, unexpected requests or demands were raised by project-affected people and businesses, leading to 51 complaints filed on issues such as compensation standards, physical quantity of demolition, and compensation amount.

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
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Lesson
Specific requirements for land acquisition and resettlement need to be completed prior to project implementation. Obtaining the necessary clearances and permits early on to meet the pertinent safeguards compliances can help in identifying any risk or grievance issues that can potentially delay the execution of project activities. Under the project, some components were substantially delayed due to the prolonged site turnover including the issuance of the appropriate permits, such as coastal land-use certificate, planning and construction permits, and utility lines.

Project Number: 42010-013
Project Name: Guangxi Southwestern Cities Development Project
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Lesson
The sustainability of rural infrastructure investments would require a dedicated institution and access to financial resources. An institution responsible for rural infrastructure and access to financial resources are two critical aspects to ensure the sustainability of rural infrastructure investments. The former is considered a necessary condition and the latter a sufficient condition without which sustainability cannot be assured.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
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