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Lesson
Project readiness and advance contractung and retroactive financing facilitate successful and timely project completion. Project readiness—in terms of technical, financial, and safeguards readiness—was effectively undertaken, thereby facilitating smooth project implementation. The use of advance contracting and retroactive financing likewise helped enable the completion of all project activities by the original loan closing date.

Project Number: 47047-002
Project Name: Shandong Groundwater Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Accurate cost estimates, including for contingencies, and effective utilization of loan savings are critical to the attainment of intended project results and timely financial closing. The actual contract price was lower than the amount estimated because of the inaccuracy of the engineering cost estimate and contingency estimates. Cost savings, however, were effectively utilized through minor changes in the project, further enhancing the achievement of project outcomes and outputs. Eligible expenses should be clarified early on, so as not to delay the project financial closing.

Project Number: 47047-002
Project Name: Shandong Groundwater Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial sustainability of project assets and benefits, in this case, the sanitary and phytosanitary system, should be addressed at the outset or during implementation and not only identified as an issue at appraisal, and establishing appropriate financing mechanisms for operation and maintenance at the outset would help ensure adequate maintenance after project completion.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A detailed assessment of water adequacy and the introduction of proper operation and maintenance measures and an adequate level of water charges are critical to successful outcome and long-term sustainability of irrigation projects.\

Project Number: 45354-002
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing a financial operation and maintenance (O&M_ mechanism during project design and preparation plays a critical role in ensuring project sustainability, specifically when the government’s resource capacity is limited. For example, appropriate identification of tariff policies, revenue streams, and cost recovery mechanisms at the onset to support the O&M cost will help in ensuring the project sustainability, as well as in sustaining the project benefits.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound identification and valuation of costs and benefits in the economic analysis can provide more realistic economic internal rates of return (EIRRs) to indicate a more accurate state of project viability. The economic analysis in the RRP and PCR underestimated the value of the project outputs, particularly the economic benefits of the solid waste management component, which led to a low EIRR. Willingness-to-pay $2 per month for solid waste removal seems too low and unreasonable considering the substantial health and environmental benefits that such removal likely provides.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Early preparation and set up of funding design and mechanisms to meet the financial requirements of facilities and equipment's operation and maintenance after project completion can mitigate sustainability risks of project investments. In this project, there was no clarity on how maintenance of project infrastructure and equipment were to be funded after project completion. Thus, it reduces the project's sustainability.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
State-owned banks are often used for policy lending that target specific sectors offering low interest rates and preferential terms. It is important that during project preparation, financial intermediaries selected are aligned with the market-based approach of FIL projects to avoid crowding out subloans and nonparticipation of selected intermediaries in lending to the target sector.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Structural and nonstructural interventions require cohesive and integrated approaches, necessitating long-term planning and consultative processes. For example under this project, safeguard readiness including securing design approval from pertinent agencies should have been pursued more effectively. Project readiness for physical works should be adequately considered in drawing up implementation schedules. Accurate and realistic cost estimates based on detailed technical design can reduce the risk of loan cancellations.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project costing at design stage should realiably estimate the costs of all civil and other engineering costs and provide allowance for foreign currency fluctuations. The actual cost of one irrigation scheme turned out some $10 million greater than estimated at approval. This resulted in significant revision to the subproject design. The revision also incorporated the appreciation in special drawing rights against the US dollar and the domestic and international inflation that pushed down the real value of project resources.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR lesson is not phrased as a lesson. In finalizing this validation report, the NRM rephrased the lesson and provided additional information: Adequate consideration of Nepal’s political landscape in delivering or scaling up effective agricultural services and approaches in the future is critical. Nepal’s shift to federalism has devolved much of the agriculture sector work to subnational governments. The newly established provincial and local governments require extensive capacity building to deliver agriculture research and extension services.

Project Number: 48218-007
Project Name: Support for Value Chain Development under the Nepal Agriculture Development Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
Careful documentation and dissemination of findings, manuals, and knowledge products are important steps in promoting future scaling up of TA project activities.

Project Number: 46257-001
Project Name: Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mountainous River Basins
Report Date:
Lesson
Further feedback provided by the EAER, beyond the information provided in the TCR, demonstrated that these lessons were shared at the knowledge-sharing events that were a part of this TA. More information on this could have been included in the TCR to strengthen the lesson. A lesson could be derived from this—Further efforts could be done to incorporate lessons from previous TAs into the knowledge sharing-events of TAs, in this case, through internal PRC government efforts.

Project Number: 48469-001
Project Name: Developing Gross Ecosystem Product Accounting for Eco-Compensation
Report Date:
Lesson
Database and information systems should be designed with sufficient flexibility to be easily expandable to other river basins. Awareness raising and training can also help increase the chance for replication.

Project Number: 46257-001
Project Name: Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mountainous River Basins
Report Date:
Lesson
The findings from the TA studies (which covered seven counties) and its particular knowledge/capacity building approaches could be replicable in the other counties in the NHAR (total of 22 counties).

Project Number: 50006-001
Project Name: Poverty Reduction in Liupanshan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Report Date: