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Lesson
Alternatives to grid connection should have been considered to electrify more rural poor communities. Inclusion of alternatives that are beneficial to low-usage rural customers, including solar home systems and mini grids, could have expanded project coverage and enhanced its impact.

Project Number: 41504-024
Project Name: Improved Energy Access for Rural Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Close collaboration between key government agencies and the local community enables adequate operation and maintenance (O&M) of project facilities through community-based activities. Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (community-based sanitation), being one of the national programs implemented by the water supply and environmental sanitation working group established by Indonesia’s National Development Planning Agency in 2013, made it easier for the project to mobilize the communities to participate during the design and implementation stages.

Project Number: 39071-013
Project Name: Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Equity issues need to be carefully considered and addressed in beneficiary selection and targeting. The potential for political influence in the selection of communities that would benefit from grid connection was identified as a risk. To mitigate this risk, independent consultants were engaged to develop the beneficiary selection criteria, which would eventually stipulate that (i) customers were to be within 250 meters of the transmission line, (ii) construction of the property had to be sound, and (iii) households must have the financial means to pay for the electricity provided.

Project Number: 41504-024
Project Name: Improved Energy Access for Rural Communities
Report Date:
Lesson
Phased implementation of the proxy means test (PMT) is a crucial strategy for providing allowance to important factors affecting the effectiveness of targeted social assistance in reaching its intended beneficiaries. The program duration of 36 months set during the design of the original project was insufficient to introduce a targeting methodology and targeted social assistance in a country where there was no previous related experience.

Project Number: 42322-012
Project Name: Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, which can lead to overambitious scope and targets, needs to be carefully weighed during the project design stage. This program and its numerous outputs adopted a holistic approach, which might now seem overly ambitious, particularly for the first urban transport undertaking in Ulaanbaatar. A phased approach could have been considered to focus resources on clearly identified priorities and to develop capacity.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex and large-scale investment programs demand more rigorous front-end analyses to identify appropriate implementation arrangements and timelines. Drawn-out government approval processes, lack of qualified and experienced consultants, and inadequate high-level support and guidance obstructed the implementation of this investment program. Being a complex and the first-generation bus rapid transit investment in Mongolia, the program required a longer implementation period.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
More actions on transit-oriented development (TOD), last-mile connectivity, and improved station design are key to higher ridership. The project did not include TOD or last-mile connectivity in the scope. As a best practice, TOD is included in other ADB-financed metro projects in India to bring the benefits of integrated land use development and potentially higher demand. Ridership is also expected to grow when the supporting initiatives, such as improved feeder bus service and more convenient multimodal transfer facilities, are built and implemented.

Project Number: 46417-001
Project Name: Jaipur Metro Rail Line 1-Phase B Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Transport demand modeling should be based on reasonable assumptions. The economic and financial viability of urban infrastructure projects is normally determined based on the results of a complex transport demand modeling. Under a proposed scenario, the model’s accuracy regarding the modal share depends greatly on the reasonableness of the adopted assumptions, such as the catchment area and willingness to pay. Overly optimistic assumptions lead to overestimation and may cause operational loss.

Project Number: 46417-001
Project Name: Jaipur Metro Rail Line 1-Phase B Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Planning for rail projects should consider integrated systems and holistic planning to maximize benefits. The project delivered a section of rail infrastructure on one line but did not achieve the ridership target of the first year. The project’s contribution to Jaipur’s overall transport system can only be realized as the public transport network develops, servicing a broader area and providing attractive transport solutions for more people.

Project Number: 46417-001
Project Name: Jaipur Metro Rail Line 1-Phase B Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's project integrity review (PIR) enhances project management. The PIR conducted by ADB’s Office of Anticorruption and Integrity in 2016 identified gaps in the internal controls for procurement, disbursement, and asset management of the Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation (JMRC), one of the project executing agencies. A follow-up review in November 2017 reiterated a few recommendations which, after full implementation, helped improve JMRC's performance and project deliveries.

Project Number: 46417-001
Project Name: Jaipur Metro Rail Line 1-Phase B Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough needs assessment is necessary to align the livelihood restoration training programs to the needs of severely affected households (SAHs) and so increase their uptake of the programs. Only a few SAHs attended the livelihood restoration programs designed to support them. The opportunity cost in terms of farmers’ time was high either because the SAHs were involved in more rewarding economic activities, or the trainings did not respond to their needs.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporation into the project design of cost-sharing arrangements with irrigation water users broadens the scope for promoting project sustainability and improving related approaches and practices. In the Lao PDR, forming a water users’ group and assigning it the responsibility of collecting water charges is an important step toward project sustainability. However, this was not fully integrated into the project design and no relevant output Indicators were included in the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Advance actions, supported by retroactive financing arrangements, can help minimize or avoid startup delays. The project faced start-up delays in both countries. It took more than two years from project effectiveness in each country for the first civil works contracts to be awarded. Recruitment of project implementation consultants, preparation of bidding documents, and preparation of the detailed designs were accomplished only after the project effectiveness. Such start-up delays could have

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporating nature-based solutions in flood and drought risk management projects, as appropriate, will enhance project outcomes. The project adopted a holistic approach to reducing flood and drought risks by incorporating multiple infrastructure options, such as embankments, roads, drainage channels, navigation, and pumping stations, together with an early warning system. Not relying on just one type of infrastructure added value by delivering better project benefits.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely orientation and training of relevant stakeholders on social safeguards will help avoid related difficulties and problems. All entitled households were compensated according to the updated resettlement plans. However, detailed measurement survey errors and mistakes in implementing the voluntary land donation resulted in some payments being made after the commencement of construction work. A corrective action plan approved by ADB was subsequently implemented and all payments were completed.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date: