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Lesson
Need to avoid including conditions in loans that depend on passing or amending legislation, or seeking high-level approval, such as from the Cabinet. This was the case in the RMC component that sought annual allocations in the budget for road maintenance. Projects that require legal or high-level administrative changes often experience major delays or fail to meet their objectives.

Project Number: 33243-013
Project Name: Road Maintenance and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The ability of NGOs and the private sector to make a real contribution to extension services depend on their technical and institutional capacity, and this should be taken into account as a basis for selection. Such a lesson implies that other factors were used as the basis for selection. It also stipulated a requirement for orientation of these organizations, implying that this was not done. This introduces concern as to how successful NGOs and private sector providers actually were.

Project Number: 30228-013
Project Name: Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Paying salaries for government staff in project management or implementation units can cause problems of overstaffing or inappropriate appointments. A salary supplement may often be a better option, where essential, but with strict limits on eligibility to avoid the same problems.

Project Number: 38135-013
Project Name: Multisector Rehabilitation and Improvement Project for Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Report Date:
Lesson
Where institutional weakness is evident, means of assuring adequate support could include capacity building TA, over which ADB has more control than it does when using loan implementation consultants.

Project Number: 38135-013
Project Name: Multisector Rehabilitation and Improvement Project for Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was the second ADB-financed road project in Tajikistan. Therefore, the Ministry of Transport and Communication (MOTC) and project implementation unit (PIU) need to be familiarized with ADB's policies and procedures. However, the familiarization effort was inadequate. ADB should continue to train MOTC on its policies and procedures and PIU staff for existing and future projects. In addition, frequent changes in ADB project officers caused discontinuity in project administration.

Project Number: 34569-013
Project Name: Dushanbe-Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project (Phase 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The technical assistance (TA) for preparing the project was inadequate. Project preparatory TA was designed and implemented similarly for all countries in terms of budget, scope, and expertise. However, Tajikistan needs more technical support from ADB, especially in engineering aspects. Due to inadequate engineering survey and design, as well as little involvement of government officials, numerous changes in quantity and methodology were required during implementation.

Project Number: 34569-013
Project Name: Dushanbe-Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project (Phase 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The cost estimate of the toll system was overestimated at appraisal, and the actual cost was about one-third the appraisal estimate. The main reasons for this difference include (i) the network-based toll system arrangement resulted in cancellation of unnecessary equipment; and (ii) the cost estimate was made in 2000 and procurement was conducted in 2004, during which time the availability of more advanced information technologies contributed to a lower and more competitive actual cost.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Bidding of expressway civil works took place in early 2002 and the government approved the detailed design in mid-2002. Thus, among other factors, bidding which was not based on detailed design resulted in some significant variations for large structures with complicated geotechnical situations. Based on this experience and similar experience in other road projects, it would be appropriate to conduct in-depth detailed geotechnical investigations before finalizing bidding documents.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The impacts of land acquisition and resettlement were not well estimated in the resettlement plan, which led to a 30% increase in the amount of land acquisition and a 187% increase in house demolition area. This was mainly due to impacts induced by connection roads and service stations, as well as temporary buildings that had not been included in the resettlement plan. The project was processed in early 2000, but updating the resettlement plan has since been made a standard requirement stipulated in loan covenants.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The inclusion of 70 additional local roads for improvement was proposed and approved during the later stages of the original project implementation. Local road improvement has produced very positive impacts. However, it led to loan extensions of about 3 years. An integrated approach to combining improvement of local roads and the project expressway during project processing would ensure a more effective and efficient outcome.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During the project preparation stage, it was anticipated that the project expressway would generate significant local socioeconomic development impacts. The expressway served not only as an important section of the transport corridor, but also as a vital link between Weinan and Xi'an and other neighboring regions. With growing traffic volume, it was observed that toll collection capacities at some exits were limited, which periodically caused long queues.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cross-ministerial implementation of projects brings complications beyond just day-to-day technical issues. Experience shows this to have been the case with other projects. The Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project (TSEMP) experienced many delays caused by having to obtaining agreement and approval across departments.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project can point to the setting up of community fisheries organizations (CFOs) and the empowerment of local communities as huge successes in the short and medium term. However, in the long term, the CFOs may come under considerable pressure from outside interests without technical and moral support from the Fisheries Administration (FiA) provincial teams in the field.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall, the project outcome appears successful. However, an important opportunity was missed. The project did not establish a recognized baseline with pre- and post-project comparisons to demonstrate to ADB, the government, and key stakeholders the natural resource management, environmental, community, and economic benefits. It would have been possible to provide well-documented evidence that the project had achieved its primary goal.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Alternative livelihood programs, while functioning satisfactorily, were focused on individual households, with little built-in capacity for extension. Small-scale livelihood activities must be appropriate to the situation. TSEMP has shown that the most successful small-scale activities are those that people themselves can sustain, given their income, time, and material constraints. Training is a necessary part of livelihood work, particularly if the participants have no previous experience.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date: