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Lesson
Institutional arrangements to implement mandatory safeguard polices and reporting systems and gender action plans need to be established in the initial stages of the project. This is to avoid potential delays which could adversely impact project adherence to social and environmental safeguards and gender equality results. Adequate human, rechnical, and budgetary resources and strict monitoring by the PMU and ADB are required to ensure compliance.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When a project provides substantial climate mitigation and environmental benefits, a project economist with strong background and experience in environmental valuation method can undertake the project economic analysis at appraisal. Usually, energy efficiency improvement projects have very low pay back periods and high economic internal rate of return. ADB should investigate the ways in which it can formalize the use of carbon prices in energy efficiency project economic analysis.

Project Number: 47051-002
Project Name: Chemical Industry Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of obtaining forest and wildlife clearance approvals in India is lengthy and complex and this should be factored into the project implementation timelines both at the design stage and while processing the scope extension. The compliance risk can be mitigated through advanced action by the implementing agency in managing land acquisition, forest clearance, and resettlement issues. The compliance with safeguards requirements should be linked to commissioning as retrofitting after transmission assets become operational poses challenges.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Unclear or lack of institutional arrangements and inappropriate deployment of consultants are a serious deterrent to the systematic Implementation of environmental management plans and social safeguards.

Project Number: 40648-013, 40648-037
Project Name: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
India's policy on land acquisition needs an amendment in cases where sufficient land for improvement is not voluntarily available. This would allow for permission te be granted outside the scope of the policy, as necessary. As of 2022, the Prime Minister’s Rural Roads Program (PMGSY)is being implemented with no land acquisition. Where land is required, only voluntary-based possession is allowed. If sufficient land cannot be pooled on a voluntary basis, a geometric design is used as a compromise. However, these locations may become accident black spots.

Project Number: 48266-002, 48226-004
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
In selecting subprojects and project timelines, it is important, right at the design stage, to consider the Implementation complexity, experience of the executing agency, availability of specialized contractors, and available working season. Delays in the execution of subprojects under this tranche occurred due to adverse weather conditions at construction sites and the difficult work terrain.

Project Number: 40648-034
Project Name: Infrastructure Development Investment Program for Tourism - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Key government policy changes need to be monitored for possible impacts on projects and project updates undertaken as necessary. Tranche 3 faced major resettlement challenges and experienced delays of up to 2.5 years beyond the initially approved loan closing date. This was because local authorities encountered difficulties in completing site clearance and subsequent compensation payments. Until the preparation of ADB’s project completion report, compensation payments have remained pending on (i) 3 subprojects because of

Project Number: 42039-033, 42039-036
Project Name: Power Transmission Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It would be beneficial for projects to undertake comprehensive field investigations and site assessments during the detailed design stage. Monsoon and weather conditions and project readiness for physical works should be considered in drawing up implementation schedules—for both onshore and offshore projects.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
Detailed project preparation and feasibility studies carried out and included in the periodic financing request strengthen project readiness in procurement and safeguards implementation. This could entail conducting comprehensive field investigations and site assessments conducted during the detailed project reporting stage. Monsoon and weather conditions and project readiness for physical works should be considered in drawing up implementation schedules—for both onshore and offshore projects.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
The need to obtain varioushe need to obtain various forest and wildlife clearances should be considered at project planning and replanning stages. Processing of forest and wildlife clearances led to some delays in project implementation. The requirements for this should have been considered during the original planning stage and while processing the scope changes, with timeline extensions likewise considered to address the lengthy process of obtaining these clearances in India.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is critical to analyze multisector issues to workably integrate conservation, livability, protection, and conservation into the design of environmental projects.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to engage suitable safeguards experts to ensure that high-quality reassessments are undertaken to align safeguards implementation to changes in the project scope. Changes in scope are common in the implementation of large power transmission projects and timely updating of all relevant project documents to reflect and address such changes is necessary. In this project, scope changes were made especially to utilize the large loan savings that resulted from the overestimation of the project costs at appraisal.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Softer, hybrid, and sustainable coastal protection solutions and the involvement of local communities in shoreline management are key to a climate-resilient infrastructure appropriate for India’s coastal protection and management. The program introduced pioneering, transformative technologies, and new planning approaches which may be replicated in other parts of India and other Asia-Pacific countries.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program - Tranche 2 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional ADB support for safeguard implementation should be anticipated for future projects in which the executing and imoplagencies have no prior experience in ESMS. ADB environmental safeguard support was comprehensive for project preparation but less so for project implementation. This was due to a range of factors, which contributed to reduced guidance for the review of subproject safeguard categorization, draft safeguard documents, and support for the implementing agencies.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It would be best for ADB to review all subprojects classified as category B for the environment in all future financial intermediation loans. The ESMS criteria defining the number and types of subprojects to be reviewed by ADB resulted in the submission of only 11 sample subprojects and one IEE to ADB for review. The criteria were originally designed to balance the need for an adequate ADB review and guidance with the practical need to avoid reviewing a very large number of subprojects.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date: