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Lesson
There is a need for closer ADB involvement in critical early stages and greater rigor in government reporting.

Project Number: 37046-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Program [Loan 2083-AFG]
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for realistic assessments of governments' continued compliance with tranche conditions. The RFSDP experience also illustrates inherent incentive problems associated with the restructuring and commercialization of state banks.

Project Number: 36075-013, 36075-023
Project Name: Rural Finance Sector Development Program [Loans 1987-PAK and 1988-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector development programs can be used to facilitate financial sector development through the complementary and mutually reinforcing use of program, TA and investment loan modalities. However, sustained political commitment is a key prerequisite for success.

Project Number: 36075-013, 36075-023
Project Name: Rural Finance Sector Development Program [Loans 1987-PAK and 1988-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project [Loan 1934-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Earmarking of program loan funds for capacity development purposes was probably not the most effective mechanism to achieve the intended results. In this particular case, a project loan or TA loan might have been a more appropriate modality to support capacity development.

Project Number: 39492-013
Project Name: Improving Access to Financial Services (Phase I) Program [Loans 2291-PAK and 2292-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Sludge treatment. Proper handling of sludge has been an issue for most wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operating in the People's Republic of China (PRC) since traditional landfill options have become problematic. The government and WWTPs must find alternative solutions for sludge treatment. More sustainable sludge treatment methodologies may need to be considered during project preparation. Tangshan and Baoding are piloting the composting of sludge for fertilizer; however, this solution may not be sustainable without clear safety measures, due to increasing health concerns.

Project Number: 32327-013
Project Name: Hebei Province Wastewater Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Before ADB's support, the Assam State Electricity Board (ASEB) had not taken on transmission and distribution (T&D) projects of such magnitude due to financial constraints. However, the successful project implementation amply demonstrates that, if appropriate institutional support is provided, it can carry out such a project adequately.

Project Number: 36318-023
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Capital grants are attractive, but should only be given as a reward for good performance. In the first years of the project the DILG offered capital grants for eligible subprojects. These were discontinued in 2005 after the cancellation of the DILG's grant source. After that, many LGUs stopped subproject preparation work because of the (perceived high) costs of ADB loans. The commitment and buy-in of LGUs was weak at times. Many LGUs were more oriented toward grants than the lending facility.

Project Number: 30551-013
Project Name: Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The multitranche financing facility (MFF) mode was mainstreamed into ADB's financial operations in July 2008. (The MFF was introduced in August 2005.) TA and investment loans can be combined in an MFF as separate tranches. However, use of an MFF should not be recommended for large and complex projects such as the project highway because there is high risk of project cost overrun. The estimated total cost increased from $620 million at the TA loan appraisal to $1,216 million at the investment loan appraisal.

Project Number: 33307-023
Project Name: Kunming-Haiphong Transport Corridor-Noi Bai-Lao Cai Highway Technical Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Launching a complex project through the Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWC), a small organization faced with structural reform, was overambitious. A two-phased approach (phase 1: capacity- building and restructuring; phase 2: implementation) would have been more appropriate.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular review and updating of the project framework would have aided monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The employment of an independent design appraisal consultant has been expedient and has avoided delays. Consideration should be given to the inclusion of an independent appraisal consultant in future large and complex design preparation projects with an underresourced implementing agency.

Project Number: 33307-023
Project Name: Kunming-Haiphong Transport Corridor-Noi Bai-Lao Cai Highway Technical Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Training for all PPA ranks and public awareness-raising were positive factors in improving conservation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) government and ADB flexibly responded to the changes required as a result of second Compact, few activities were implemented during the first 5 years after the project was approved. To respond to such changes, long-term technical assistance on the ground and closer communication between local stakeholders and ADB is critical, through consultations and review missions.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralized projects call for a better PPMS. The scattered nature of investments throughout Mindanao created substantial management challenges of reporting and data management. The disparity and decentralized nature of the subprojects should have made it imperative that the project implement a web-based project performance monitoring system (PPMS) instead of employing traditional narrative reporting methods. A web-based PPMS would have facilitated management and supervision.

Project Number: 30551-013
Project Name: Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector Project
Report Date: