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Lesson
To improve ownership, state governments should be closely involved in project monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Training for all PPA ranks and public awareness-raising were positive factors in improving conservation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In a fixed-fee services contract, inclusion of the value of the project contingency in calculation of the advanced payment should be carefully explained in the request for proposals. Similarly, the regulations applied to value-added tax (VAT) duties on national subconsultancy services should be clearly stated.

Project Number: 33307-023
Project Name: Kunming-Haiphong Transport Corridor-Noi Bai-Lao Cai Highway Technical Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing large numbers of technical assistance (TA) consultants into the DWC that was understaffed resulted in inefficient use of consultancy expertise.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing long-term technical assistance at the state level would be more appropriate to support long-term development, including human resource development and monitoring and quality control systems. Institutional capacity developments require gradual changes and long-term support at the local level would be more efficient.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A formal monitoring system should have been established by the DWC at the start of the project.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In any project implementation, it is much more efficient to identify and correct problems in the initial part of the project period. The frequency of ADB review missions in the initial phase of the project achieved this efficiency and did a great deal to prevent further delays. The lesson is to have a higher frequency of review missions in the early phase of project implementation.

Project Number: 33307-023
Project Name: Kunming-Haiphong Transport Corridor-Noi Bai-Lao Cai Highway Technical Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Heading the project management unit (PMU) with someone from outside the DWC was detrimental to engaging the department staff.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is essential to include maintenance components for new systems and facility renovations to ensure the sustainability of project outputs. The project initiated several new monitoring systems and supported renovation of health and education facilities. Since it often takes time for staff to understand the usage of new systems and facilities, 6 to 12 months of maintenance services are required to support the gradual shift of maintenance responsibility to the national and state governments.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It was unreasonable to expect government officers to engage in commercial links and marketing initiatives with private enterprise in such a short time.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should monitor the Planning Commission (PC-1) approval process for Pakistan projects so as to be aware of potential problems and ensure that appropriate levels of counterpart funds are guaranteed at the time of loan negotiations.

Project Number: 38447-013
Project Name: Rural Enterprise Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project attempted to indigenize the One Tambon One Product (OTOP) concept that was considered successful in Thailand and Japan. However, only limited efforts were made to understand the likelihood of the success of this initiative in Pakistan. The reasons for the program's success in the other countries and whether the same positives were present in Pakistan were not assessed. Moreover, the success of such projects is often led by a bottom-up grassroots demand for the project outputs, yet this project was a top-down initiative.

Project Number: 38447-013
Project Name: Rural Enterprise Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The officer responsible for project design should be involved in the initial stages of project management to ensure a smooth transition from processing to implementation.

Project Number: 38447-013
Project Name: Rural Enterprise Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ministry of Industries, Production, and Special Initiatives (MoIPSI) and the project management unit (PMU) had difficulty in understanding the requirements of the design and monitoring framework (DMF) because it lacked clarity regarding activities and output requirements. The PMU noted that, even though terms of reference had been prepared for individual consultants, the exact purpose of some of the positions and the outputs to be delivered were not clear.

Project Number: 38447-013
Project Name: Rural Enterprise Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project implementation schedule was amended early in the project to comply with the government's request for immediate action and results via the two- pronged approach. Unless there are clear deficiencies in project design, ADB should resist requests to change the design or implementation arrangements early in implementation, because the original project design should be given a chance to succeed. Corrective action can be taken later as problems become apparent.

Project Number: 38447-013
Project Name: Rural Enterprise Modernization Project
Report Date: