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Lesson
The envisaged institutional arrangements for safeguards need to be fully functional from commencement to the closure of projects. This would allow the safeguards performance of projects to improve, as was the case with the environmental performance of this project which improved over time, with increased monitoring and coordination by the project staff.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Inaccurate estimation of quantities in the detailed project reports (DPR), required for project processing in India, can raise project costs at the same time push back construction periods. There was a huge difference between actual quantity requirements based on site-specific conditions and those indicated in this project's DPRs. Because of insufficient estimations in the bill of quantities, contractors had to put a huge claim for the revision of rates and work quantity. Given this, care must be taken in preparing the DPR and estimating quantities.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
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Lesson
Wide time gaps between the finalization of construction cost estimate, initiation of the bidding process, and awarding of contracts should be avoided as these could lead to time and cost overruns. There were significant time gaps of 4–5 years between the finalization of the DPRs, including cost estimates and the completion of the bidding process. Besides causing startup delays, this also led to higher contract costs in comparison to the engineering estimates.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs and IAs commonly perceive the low-cost option as the preferred option. However, in the case of consultant selection and civil works contractor selection in thisproject, this perception was debunked by poor contractor performance and issues with payment.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inappropriate design of performance-based maintenance contracts (PBMCs), including unrealistic performance parameters, and limited capacities and understanding of complex contract conditions by project implementers and the bidders alike could delay procurement and cause additional difficulties in project administration.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Determining and improving the effectiveness of large and complex projects are far more complicated than measuring progress against the indicators in the design and monitoring framewrok (DMF). The emphasis on quantitative measures, even if well considered, could result in displacing goals and/or inaccurately representing project success or failure. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Implementation timelines, some DMF targets were unrealistic. The project provided for formative evaluations but they were not closely coordinated with the DMF.

Project Number: 41509-013
Project Name: Rural Primary Health Services Delivery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Time overruns could occur because of (i) the introduction of a new contracting modality that require longer lead time and stronger staff capacity, (ii) rebids due to the termination of nonperforming contracts, and (iii) challenges in the management of contractual disputes.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of data and planning to target delivery strategies improve performance. Staffing and access to medical supplies were common challenges and well recognized during project design and documented during the project, including through the formative evaluations, the DFAT-funded independent evaluation, and the project midterm review. The chief executive officers (CEOs) of the provincial health authorities in high-performing provinces identified the use of data and planning to target delivery strategies as a factor in improved performance.

Project Number: 41509-013
Project Name: Rural Primary Health Services Delivery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate project readiness and accurate designs are critical for large infrastructure projects. Lack of these could cause delays, i.e., this project encountered a delay of over 2 years in finalizing the detailed design for the major civil works contracts and delays in procurement. Furthermore, inclusion of additional scope of works and delays in land acquisition and resettlement plans, and COVID-19 impacts hindered timely implementation.

Project Number: 40540-014, 40540-017
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Attainment of project benefits not within the project scope but instead are dependent on external factors downgrades project performance evaluation. The design and monitoring indicators included household sewerage connections, which were not part of the subprojects’ scope but were provided by the respective urban local bodies (ULBs). This led to dependence on external factors in the accrual of project benefits, thus impacting the final evaluation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Early identification of the need for minor changes in gender and other indicators and aligning them with the performance indicators in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) strengthen the relevance of the gender action plan and other pertinent project component.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Efforts to train EAS and IAs in ADB procurement procedures will do little in developing institutional procurement capacity with the persistence of staff turnover in these agencies. In this project, frequent turnover of key staff members prevented the training from reaching all those responsible for developing requests for proposals, formulating evaluation criteria, and reviewing bids against the criteria. Consequently, procurement capacity remained low.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Significantly lower contract prices for civil works could lead to project completion delays.Civil works contract prices for this project were, on average, 30% below the initial estimates. The winning contractors, all private companies, encountered financial challenges during construction as the low unit prices meant that increased work resulted in financial losses. Faced with this situation, the contractors were reluctant to mobilize additional resources and accelerate the construction progress.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Similar projects in similar contexts can learn from the following Implementation lessons learned from the[project: (i) potential startup delays need to be anticipated when developing the project Implementation plan and the contract awards and disbursement projections, withmitigating measures identified; (ii) engaging a single detailed engineering design consultant for projects covering multiple provinces can cause delays;and (iii) use of local consultants could expedite the awarding of civil works contracts.

Project Number: 46293-005
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient lead time is needed for procurement, especially under the two-stage bidding process. Higher project readiness and clarity in employer’s requirements, including engineering designs and specifications, are critical inputs for bid documents.

Project Number: 42378-017
Project Name: Power System Expansion and Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date: