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Lesson
The framework for a program’s data management system should be put in place before its start to measure the achievement of targets and beneficiaries and (the ambitiousness of goals should be balanced against the availability of data and capacity to quickly augment granular data collection. Although the government has increased its focus on gender equality and has made efforts to strengthen gender data tracking, data disaggregated by sex and age of end recipients were often not available at the time of program preparation and monitoring.

Project Number: 56149-001
Project Name: Building Resilience with Active Countercyclical Expenditures Program
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Lesson
The design and monitoring framework (DMF) and monitoring and reporting mechanism need to be carefully developed at the planning stage. The outcome statement of the TA was not appropriate as it is too narrow and should be more focused on the TA benefits to Maldives. Outcome targets were too ambitious since there were several contributing factors outside the scope of the TA that affected their achievements. With a small country portfolio, unexpected delays in one or two projects will make the target unachievable. Having an outcome indicator at the broader level could help avoid that.

Project Number: 52006-001
Project Name: Capacity Building for Country Programming and Portfolio Management
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Lesson
Trade facilitation reforms and national single window (NSW) development are complex undertakings requiring much time to be completed. This project's timelines were very ambitious with regard to the NSW component given that it required institutional and regulatory reforms; business process reengineering across multiple government agencies; as well as design, development, and integration of the SWIS.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
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Lesson
Customizing the terms of reference of auditors to project requirements and ensuring that they are properly oriented on these requirements are critical to promoting project compliance with ADB financial management procedures. There were gaps in complying with the financial management conditions of the loan agreement, including the need to timely submit audit reports and auditor’s management letters and opinions.

Project Number: 49419-002
Project Name: Solar Rooftop Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing a comprehensive coordination unit for rural health transformation is a gargantuan and complex task requiring dedicated programming and targeted resources. A feature of the intended design, where the project support unit would be integrated into the Department of Health (DOH) to establish a comprehensive coordination unit for rural health transformation, was not realized. The ambition was relevant, and the government’s capability to manage projects to improve primary health care and coordinate partner programs should be strengthened.

Project Number: 41509-013
Project Name: Rural Primary Health Services Delivery Project
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Lesson
Adequate consideration of the legal and administrative contexts of projects and the need for participatory democratic processes is a must to ensure that the timelines for achieving compliance with tariff-related reform covenants are not ambitious, as the case with this project.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Project financial auditing needs to be synchronized with the project Completion review timeline which requires disclosure of the report within 12 months of the financial closing of the loan account.

Project Number: 42378-017
Project Name: Power System Expansion and Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 3)
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Lesson
Targeting core reforms is crucial to maximizing program impact. A few policy actions that are critical to improving the effectiveness and efficacy of the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan could have been prioritized, rather than focusing on privatizing public sector enterprises, which can be part of a future reform program dedicated to state-owned enterprise reforms.

Project Number: 53221-001, 53221-002, 53221-003
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
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Lesson
Policy actions should not include legislative businesses that require the approval of Parliament, which is beyond the executive branch’s control.

Project Number: 53221-001, 53221-002, 53221-003
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Setting a high job placement target to qualify for the final milestone payment can can create a negative incentive for training providers to inflate the training costs so as to cover for all their costs regardless of whether or not they meet the job placement target. This lesson, arising from a similar project in Nepal, was heeded by the tranche 1 project that lowered the job placement target from 70% to 60% to ensure that the training providers do not to lose their focus on job placement.

Project Number: 42466-015
Project Name: Skills for Employment Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Replacing higher-level skills courses with in-demand entry-level courses can raise the job placement performance of projects. Industry associations initially expected a strong demand for mid- or higher-level technical skills; however, job placements from these courses were more challenging than those from more entry-level courses. Therefore, the outcome indicator related to increased shares of higher-level skills was not increased, and was instead pegged at just about 18%l, which proved more realistic.

Project Number: 42466-015
Project Name: Skills for Employment Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
Better coordination and the Preparation of a consolidated project financial statement for projects being implemented by multiple agencies will facilitate the timely submission of annual project financial statements (APFSs) which in turn will help avoid delays in loan disbursements. In this program, the Preparation by the two EAs of separate annual project financial statements, both audited by an external auditor, created an unnecessary administrative overload for ADB.

Project Number: 35290–013, 35290–043
Project Name: North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
A holistic approach, which can lead to overambitious scope and targets, needs to be carefully weighed during the project design stage. This program and its numerous outputs adopted a holistic approach, which might now seem overly ambitious, particularly for the first urban transport undertaking in Ulaanbaatar. A phased approach could have been considered to focus resources on clearly identified priorities and to develop capacity.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
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Lesson
Integrating the local capacity and existing fishing practices in project design helps in improving the efficacy of project components and approaches. Local fishermen in the Northern Province are not well equipped to take full advantage of large infrastructure such as a fishery harbor. Their boats and gears do not allow for the type of large-scale multiday fishing operation that is to benefit from the harbor. Landing sites and anchorages are better suited to their immediate operation needs.

Project Number: 49325-003
Project Name: Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In designing an multitranche financing facility program, it is important to formulate tranche-specific design and monitoring frameworks that are logical and have sound links of outcome and outputs in line with the SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely) principle. These indicators need to work in concert to reflect the appropriateness and continuum of the results chain leading up to the high-level development impacts that are most relevant to the scope and focus of that specific tranche.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date: