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Lesson
Results-based lending (RBL) is well suited if it is embedded in a wider government-owned and led program. It can be an effective modality for achieving both physical outputs and nonphysical goals. It can also make changes in national policies that go beyond the project’s physical scope. The climate risk assessments, procurement processes, and beneficiary selection criteria used in this program were also applied in non-ADB financed provinces. The instructions issued and policies adopted by the government were “national”in nature and impact.

Project Number: 50022-002
Project Name: Affordable Rural Housing Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The borrower is not obligated to request disbursement of the full amount related to the fulfillment of any disbursement-linked indicator (DLI). Accordingly, ADB disbursement projections can be overly optimistic. This point should be considered in future revisions of RBL policies.

Project Number: 50022-002
Project Name: Affordable Rural Housing Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s participation in a country-driven program, by bringing knowledge and experience in addition to financing, catalyzes interest and cofinancing from other development agencies. This program was a critical element for enhancing the entire ecosystem of housing financing and mortgage market, helping lay thegroundwork for diversified funding and private sector involvement.

Project Number: 50022-002
Project Name: Affordable Rural Housing Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Programmatic approaches are an appropriate and effective means to address technically challenging development problems that require long gestation periods. In this case, the government piloted and launched a highly effective program to improve the prospects of young and disadvantaged job seekers, and strengthened several existing labor market activation programs as part of a broader education reform agenda. This process covered more than 6 years and the large technical assistance (TA) grants the program attracted were instrumental to its success.

Project Number: 49117-002, 49117-003, 49117-004
Project Name: Facilitating Youth School-to-Work Transition Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordinated use of TA is essential to support policy based lending, as this modality on its own is not well positioned to develop or deploy needed capacity. The TA grants funded by the Government of Canada provided the hands-on support necessary to develop policy and operating systems, which was followed by the program to provide the leverage to support the actual rollout of the JobStart Philippines Program (JSP).

Project Number: 49117-002, 49117-003, 49117-004
Project Name: Facilitating Youth School-to-Work Transition Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has become more proactive in handling crises and providing support to its developing member countries (DMCs) by delivering emergency assistance. The process has been defined further after the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing DMC governments to access and implement emergency programs smoothly and ADB to provide resources more effectively and efficiently.

Project Number: 56147-001
Project Name: Building Resilience with Active Countercyclical Expenditures Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Deep diagnostic work, extensive technical assistance (TA), and evidence-based policy dialogue benefit the design and implementation of public sector management reform program. ADB has ensured continuity in policy reform efforts through programmatic policy-based lending (PBL) modality. Through this and other PBL programs, it has been very effective in engaging in high-level dialogue for upstream and mid-term support. PBLs are even more important now at other partners (such as the World Bank) are no longer providing general budget support.

Project Number: 52225-001, 52225-002, 52225-003, 52225-004
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program (Subprograms 1, 2 and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Focusing on downstream engagement in select areas through sector development programs and project investments could help unlock structural bottlenecks in service delivery at the local level. This would require follow-on collaboration with various sector teams, such as in agriculture, trade, information technology, health, education, energy, urban, and climate solutions. In other words, building on policies, laws, and institutional capacity to improve service delivery and overall client experience.

Project Number: 52225-001, 52225-002, 52225-003, 52225-004
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program (Subprograms 1, 2 and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has become more proactive in handling crises and providing support to its developing member countries (DMCs) by delivering emergency assistance. The process was defined further after the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing governments of DMCs to access and implement emergency programs smoothly and allowing ADB to provide resources more effectively and efficiently. The monitoring and reporting mechanism employed for collecting data was also streamlined and became more user-friendly after the experience with the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option.

Project Number: 56150-001
Project Name: Building Resilience with Active Countercyclical Expenditures Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A flexible approach to respond to evolving priorities is important in maintaining the relevance of a policy-based loan (PBL) program. At the beginning of this program, further development in the oil and gas sector was a priority. However, during the 8-year program period, the government’s priority shifted to energy transition. Some of the policy actions in subprogram 3 were revised accordingly, in consultation with cofinancing partners, to reflect this development.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-planned integrated urban development investments—possibly including a South Tarawa-wide sewage collection and disposal system along with subsidized toilet and flushing facilities for low-income households— are necessary to substantially address the sanitation issue in South Tarawa. It was recognized from the outset that the project could only be the start of a comprehensive solution to the serious sanitation problem in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Apart from offering concessional interest rates,ADB and China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation (I&G) could explore providing enhanced value-added services for ongoing and future financial intermediation loan initiatives in air quality improvement or climate change programs. The global economic slowdown dampened enthusiasm for green investments, while the rise in euro interest rates and the reduction of yuan lending rates since 2022 presented additional challenges for green financing eligible subprojects within the greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.

Project Number: 50096-002
Project Name: Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region—China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project
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Lesson
Introducing any new procurement modality, such as the complex performance-based management contract (PBMC), creates implementation capacity issues. Initially, a water loss management contract under this project adopted the design-build–operate modality and was tendered out. Due to poor market response, the contract package was rebid. The executing agency (EA) modified the contract provisions to align with market needs and a PBMC package was successfully awarded in October 2016.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
Time overruns could occur because of (i) the introduction of a new contracting modality that require longer lead time and stronger staff capacity, (ii) rebids due to the termination of nonperforming contracts, and (iii) challenges in the management of contractual disputes.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A combination of policy-based lending (PBL) and technical assistance (TA) engagement, based on ADB's differentiated approach in small island developing states (SIDS), can further enhance the impact of ADB assistance to public sector management in Fiji. The design of this reflected ADB's differentiated approach in SIDS, spreading reforms across complementary areas and government units while combining policy actions that introduce or advance policy and legal frameworks with those that support their implementation.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date: