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Lesson
Budget allocations and actual expenditures to continually achieve project objectives are an indication of its sustainability. As there was a general lack of a strong legal framework or related reform to support the sustainability of the project, ADB should have used information on budget allocations and actual expenditure for the higher education sector after project implementation to more substantially confirm the sustainability of the project’s results.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Most of the results were output based. There was limited evidence on the impact that the program was expected to have on reducing skill gaps in the labor market. A closer focus on the employability of students (through tracer studies) would help demonstrate program effectiveness.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important that performance indicators are results-oriented rather than process-oriented. .The performance targets set out in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) were more process- than results oriented in terms of targeting developing systems, and producing reports, assessments, and reviews. The completion of a report or review or assessment, for instance, was judged as an accomplishment. Instead, the indicators should have reflected the actual implementation of the recommendations.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The direct link between an output and outcome indicator has to be evident and any scope change affecting the output has to be assessed as this relates to the envisaged outcome target. Cancellation of a subproject during implementation could trigger a revisit of the related outcome indicators at midterm review.

Project Number: 42414-013, 42414-045
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 5 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway is a methodological weakness. The project completion report (PCR) did not explain why it did not conduct a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway. This validation notes that the RRP too did not conduct such evaluation.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
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Lesson
It is important to tailor impact indicators to what the project can realistically achieve in relation to wider development goals. Two project impacts selected at inception—(i) an increase in per capita electricity consumption from 2,000 kWh (2013) to 3,000 (2023), and (ii) an increase in annual electricity supply from 6,300 GWh (2013) to 15,000 (2023) cannot be linked directly to an increase in substation capacity and SCADA expansion. As such, no reliable assessment can be made on the project's accomplishment relative to these indicators.

Project Number: 46416-002
Project Name: Power Transmission Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Attainment of project benefits not within the project scope but instead are dependent on external factors downgrades project performance evaluation. The design and monitoring indicators included household sewerage connections, which were not part of the subprojects’ scope but were provided by the respective urban local bodies (ULBs). This led to dependence on external factors in the accrual of project benefits, thus impacting the final evaluation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Early identification of the need for minor changes in gender and other indicators and aligning them with the performance indicators in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) strengthen the relevance of the gender action plan and other pertinent project component.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Specificity of intended outcome is essential to enable programming, innovation, and cycles of project improvement. The project’s outcomes were broadly defined and lacked clear pathways detailing how the outputs would interact with each other and achieve the outcomes. The vagueness is likely part of the reason that the design had significant gaps and flawed assumptions on how the activities would lead to the intended outcomes.

Project Number: 41509-013
Project Name: Rural Primary Health Services Delivery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is a good practice to provide relevant macroeconomic data to highlight the significance of environmental improvements. In the case of this project, the generation of secondary macroeconomic data, at the very least, could have strengthened the preliminary assessment of the project’s development impact. In discussing impacts of climate mitigation project and the co-benefits of air pollution reduction, it would be worthwhile to link these up with macro data.

Project Number: 47051-002
Project Name: Chemical Industry Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
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Lesson
A review mechanism, which can recognize significant changes in the scope and address them through an update in the design and monitoring framework (DMF), can improve the performance evaluation. Some project indicators were changed based on “reassessments” undertaken. The changes in two output indicators were considered as minor change in scope and the DMF was not revised.

Project Number: 47101-003
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)
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Lesson
An effective and operational project performance monitoring system can help ensure that the data needed to assess the project is available. Although the extended harbor was only partially operational, actual data on the usage of the ferry terminal can be useful to assess the project’s success.

Project Number: 36111-013
Project Name: Kulhudhuffushi Harbor Expansion Project
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Lesson
Designing a project with an intention to conduct an impact evaluation can lead to a more conscious effort to design and establish a robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system where data can be available for such impact assessment. Additionally, having gender targets can help influence the M&E design to be gender inclusive.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
A design and monitoring framework, underpinned by a well though-out and robust theory of change, can help better articulate the output and outcome statements and formulate appropriate performance indicators for measuring results.

Project Number: 43405-024
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 2
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Lesson
A well-designed and functioning project performance monitoring system (PPMS) is critical for the monitoring of project performance and collecting data for economic analyses (among other information). Given the data issues persistent in the Pacific e.g., availability and quality of data, careful thought on designing a comprehensive but implementable i.e., “fit for purpose” PPMS is imperative upon project teams. This can enable better data collection, which can facilitate better post-evaluation.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development
Report Date: