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Lesson
As school graduates compete for employment opportunities with students from other states in India, it is the comparative quality of education that determines their access to jobs and likely benefits from the project investments. Hence, focus on education quality should be a requisite in designing similar projects.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, including an exit strategy, helps improve the design of long-term support for the power sector. Therefore, the supervision of the investment program needs to closely track the capital works being implemented by the executing agencies using their own funds, and the assistance provided by other agencies, including complementary programs initiated by the government. Any gaps should be then filled by utilizing loan savings. ADB started supporting the Madhya Pradesh power sector over 20 years ago and the approved loans add up to $1,720 million.

Project Number: 43467-014, 43467-016
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
A more comprehensive analysis of the road network is crucial to better understand the need for road improvements in given road corridors e.g., surface upgrades, widening, and new roads. While for consistency the project completion report replicated the methodology used during project appraisal, it is observed that traffic forecasts were based solely on economic growth projection of the gross domestic product, and the elasticity of traffic by vehicle type is not justified.

Project Number: 43574-025
Project Name: Uttar Pradesh Major District Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The significant reduction in the amount of the ADB loan and the program cost with the withdrawal of Goa from tranche 1 and Maharashtra from tranche 2 is reflective of the quality of the work undertaken during the feasibility study stage. Better due diligence and a more rigorous review of the proposals are needed in future multitranche financing facility programs and projects so that similar major changes will not occur at such a late stage in program preparation.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The attraction of the private sector in Karnataka and Maharashtra to the program was minimal and they showed no real interest to invest or be involved. More emphasis should be placed in future programs on incentives and measures that better attract private sector involvement and investment.

Project Number: 40156-013, 40156-033
Project Name: Sustainable Coastal Protection and Management Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Designing a project with an intention to conduct an impact evaluation can lead to a more conscious effort to design and establish a robust monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system where data can be available for such impact assessment. Additionally, having gender targets can help influence the M&E design to be gender inclusive.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Keeping track of the lessons and experience from past relevant interventions can generate rich knowledge and can inform future project designs. In addition, greater attention to understanding the capacities of stakeholders, particularly implementing agencies, is crucial in designing an appropriate implementation arrangement. For ADB, knowing the capacity of the implementing agencies can help better plan the needed support and provide more attention to those that require more support.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear sector assessment and plan can strategically enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of sector investments. The sustained government plan of the Prime Minister’s Rural Road Program (PMGSY) provided a strong foundation for the sector to have a clear set of subprojects and financing commitments from the government. In addition, its priority to operate and manage these roads sustainably led to a more relevant design focused on the non-physical component of investments—road management, road audit, and road safety.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to obtain accurate information during the design and appraisal stage to help facilitate growth forecasts of traffic volumes. Such information provides a solid groundwork to assess a transport project’s economic viability and efficiency and helps underpin its rationale, scope, and implementation timeframe. Greater consideration on the survey or collection of traffic data is crucial in enhancing the quality of project-level economic analysis

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better estimation of generated traffic based on "with project” and “without project” traffic forecasts help avoid overestimation of vehicle operating cost savings and, hence, overestimation of economic internal rate of returns.

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a project performance monitoring system (PPMS) often leads to inadequate data on project cost and benefits and development impacts, which are critical to project evaluations. At appraisal, establishment of a PPMS was not part of thisproject.

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of obtaining forest and wildlife clearance approvals in India is lengthy and complex and this should be factored into the project implementation timelines both at the design stage and while processing the scope extension. The compliance risk can be mitigated through advanced action by the implementing agency in managing land acquisition, forest clearance, and resettlement issues. The compliance with safeguards requirements should be linked to commissioning as retrofitting after transmission assets become operational poses challenges.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing a financial operation and maintenance (O&M_ mechanism during project design and preparation plays a critical role in ensuring project sustainability, specifically when the government’s resource capacity is limited. For example, appropriate identification of tariff policies, revenue streams, and cost recovery mechanisms at the onset to support the O&M cost will help in ensuring the project sustainability, as well as in sustaining the project benefits.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design included measures to improve billing and collection. Considering the excessive aggregate technical and commercial losses, a project design could include measures for reducing commercial loss that were being promoted by the government and being implemented in other areas e.g., high voltage distribution system in urban areas, use of aerial bundle conductors, and segregation of agricultural and domestic power supply in rural areas.

Project Number: 41626-013
Project Name: Bihar Power System Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A timely and appropriate change in scope responding to actual project needs emerging from implementation can help utilize available loan resources in a more targeted and efficient manner, conduct more activities, and deliver more outputs that contribute directly to achieving the intended outcome, and maintain and/or strengthen the project's relevance and effectiveness.

Project Number: 44426-014
Project Name: National Grid Improvement Project
Report Date: